5套冲刺卷5
5套冲刺卷5
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions:
In this section, you will hear two long conversations.
At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions.
Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question,
you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A. B. C.and D.
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Now you will hear two long conversation.
Conversation One
W: Good evening and welcome to tonight`s program.
Our guest is the world known Dr. Charles Smith,
who has sparked a great deal of attention over the
past several years for his research in the area of language learning.
His new book, Learning a Language over Eggs and Toast,
has been on the best seller list for the past six weeks.
Welcome to our program.
M: Ah, it`s a pleasure to be here.
W: Now, Dr. Smith. Tell us about the title of your book,
Learning a Language over Eggs and Toast.
M: Well, one of the most important keys to learning another
language is to establish a regular study program,
like planning a few minutes every morning around breakfast time.
W: Now, sorry for saying this,
but your ideas may sound a little simplistic to our viewers.
I mean I took Spanish in high school for four years,
and I didn`t become a proficient speaker of the language.
M: Well, I think there are many people that feel that way,
and that`s just it.
I`m not implying that we can become fluent speakers
in a matter of a few minutes here and there,
but rather a regular, consistent,
and focused course of study can help us
on the way to the promised language of language mastery,
and remember there is a difference between native fluency
and proficiency in a language,
and I am proposing the latter.
W: So what are some of the basic keys you are suggesting?
M: Well, as I just mentioned,
people need to plan out their study by setting realistic
and attainable goals from the beginning.
I mean， some people get caught up the craze of learning the language in 30 days,
only to become disenchanted when they don`t perform up to their expectations.
And small steps, little by little, are the key.
For example, planning to learn five new vocabulary words a day
and to learn to use them actively is far better than learning 30
and forgetting them the next day.
W: Um hum. Now you mentioned something about maximizing your learning potential
by learning about your own individual learning styles.
Could you elaborate on that?
M: Sure. People often have different ways of learning
and approach learning tasks differently.
Some people are visual learners who prefer to see models
of the patterns they are expected to learn;
others are auditory learners who favor hearing instructions,
for example, over reading them. Now, our preferences are determined by many factors,
for example, personality, culture, and past experience.
W: Well, Dr. Smith. What is your learning style?
M: Well, I`m a very tactile learner.
W: You mean one who learns through hands on experience?
M: Exactly.
W: So, how does knowing your learning style benefit you?
M: Well, this might seem a little unusual,
but moving around while trying to learn and memorize material helps me a great deal.
While I cut up tomatoes and onions for my omelet in the morning,
I might recite aloud vocabulary to the rhythm of the knife.
But it is important to remember that often our
learning styles are not singular in nature,
but are often very multidimensional,
and we tend to learn differently in different situations.
W: So what is my learning style?
M: Well, you`re going to have to read my book to find out.
W: Okay. We have just found out from Dr. Charles Smith,
author of the book, Learning Languages over Eggs and Toast.
Thanks for joining us.
M: My pleasure.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions 1
From the content of the conversation,
where does this interview most probably take place?
Questions 2
According to Dr. Smith, what is one of the most important
points in learming a foreign language?
Questions 3
What does Dr. Smith suggest?
Questions 4
How long has the new book, Learning a Language over Eggs and Toast been on the best seller list?
Conversation Two
W: You`ve done a very good job for a first letter.
M: Thanks.But you`ve marked some lines on the page.
W: They don`t mean that something is wrong about your grammar.
I mean that,maybe they can be improved in the light of Western writing habits.
M: Can you show me how?
W: Of course.For example,some things aren`t clear enough.Now look here.
Your sentence about graduate school is confusing.
M: Why?“I left the Northwestern Electronic Technology Institute
in the year1998.”
W: Well,it`s not clear whether you dropped out or
whether you completed your studies there when you used the word “left”.
M: Of course I completed my studies.
W: Then make it clear.Another point.You referred to this institute
here as an “Institute”. Here as a “college” and still here as a “university”,
What on earth is it?
M: I see your point.
W: Now,this one.You said.
“May I take the liberty to introduce myself to you?”
M: Isn`t it polite to say so?
W: Yes,but we probably wouldn`t write like this
because you have already taken the liberty,so why ask permission now?
M: I wrote according to my Chinese standards.
W: In our country it`s more polite and appropriate
to sweep clean extraneous material,
fancy sentences,and extra adjectives and adverbs.
M: I don`t quite understand why that`s more courteous.
W: Well.Suppose that I`m the one you addressed to.
I`m sitting behind my desk preparing a lecture
for the postgraduates next week.
All around my desk are piles of notes and references.
Now and then a publisher has called in to know the
progress of the book for correction.
The executive board has called for my arrangement
of next year`s research fund as well as
my intention for next year`s postgraduate enrollment.
My car is to be taken out of the garage.
I have to go to the hospital
to receive an annual examination at 2:00 in the afternoon.
I shall remember to meet my friends in the airport at 4:00 in the afternoon.
There are some students waiting outside of my office…
M: OK,OK,I get our point.Then you get my mail among
other things of the same quality.
W: You see it now.
M: Well,maybe I shall forget the whole thing.
W: No,no.Not at all.You just want to make things as easy as
possible for your addressee.
You need tell him immediately the purpose of your letter,that is,
that you are applying for a fellowship.
Then he has a context in which to judge the rest of the information you supply.
M: You are quite right.
W: Then he wants the rest of the information in a form
that makes it fast and easy for him to digest.
M: Are you suggesting that I send a resume with the letter?
W: That is most welcome.
M: OK.Thanks a lot for your advice.
W: You`re welcome.See you tomorrow.
M: See you.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions 5
Why has the woman marked some lines on the page?
Questions 6
Which of the following did not occur in the conversation?
Questions 7
According to the man, which is the polite and appropriate way of writing?
Questions 8
The man said, “Maybe I shall forget the whole thing?” What is the exact meaning?
Section B
Directions:
In this section, you will hear two passages.
At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.
Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A. B. C.and D.
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Are you afraid to raise your hand in the class even when you know the answer?
If you are, most people would say that you are shy. But you are not alone.
Nine out of ten people are at least a little shy.
But, however shy you are, scientific evidence seems to show that it isn`t your fault.
You may have been born that way.
How do psychologists (心理学家) measure shyness? One way is by observation.
They keep detailed records of people`s actions,
like how often these people speak to
others or how long it takes someone to say “hello”
to a stranger. Another way to measure shyness is to ask people questions.
The test only takes about 10 minutes.
It asks questions like “Do you like going out a lot?”
and “Do you have many friends?” People must answer either “Yes” or “No”.
These questions can predict how people actually behave in social situations.
Suppose the test tells you that someone is shy,
chances are good that he or she will act shy.
When scientists measure shyness,
they are really comparing the degree of shyness.
In other words, when researchers say people are shy,
they really mean they are more shy than others.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions 9
Why does the speaker say that it isn`t a fault to be shy?
Questions 10
What is one of the ways suggested by psychologists for measuring shyness?
Questions 11
What is the purpose of the psychologists in asking questions?
Passage Two
Hello! I`m Tom Handerson. Before we start our first lab,
I`d like to tell you a little bit about the workbook we will be using.
The first thing I`d like to point out is
that the workbook contains a great amount of material for more
than you could ever handle in a single semester.
What you are supposed to do is to choose the experiments
and the activities that you want to do with a certain favorite course.
The first part of my job is to help you to make your choices.
Next I`d like to mention that in each chapter
there are usually two subsections, the first is called experiments,
the second is called activities.
In the experiment section the workbook gives full instructions
for all of the experiments including alternative procedures,
you may use the procedure you wish on the basis
of available equipment or personal preference. In the activity section,
you`ll find suggestions for many experiments,
exercises and projects that you can do on your own time.
You`ll see that there are usually no detailed instructions
for the activities, you are supposed to do them in your own way.
OK, let`s turn to chapter one now.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions 12
What is the instructor describing?
Questions 13
What is the first part of the man`s job ?
Questions 14
How are the activities different from the experiments?
Questions 15
When would this talk be given?
Section C
Directions:
In this section, you will hear recordings of lectures or talks followed by some questions.
The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,
you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A. B. C.and D.
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.
Coming on the heels of the larger shows in Los Angeles and Detroit,
the Washington Auto Show has carved out a niche as the one
that emphasizes new technologies,
especially those that cause less damage to the environment.
But with falling oil prices,
the promotion of thriftier hybrid or all electric vehicles was somewhat muted,
shifting the auto show`s focus to connectivity and automatization.
Automotive engineering professor, Zoran Filipi,
says the technology in this Mercedes S class model shows
that we are at the dawn of cars that almost drive themselves.
“It has lane keeping ability,
it has advanced radar based system to keep the vehicle`s
speed also in sync with other vehicles and this can completely alleviate your effort,
driving effort,in stop and go situations too, and finally the collision avoidance,”
Very soon we will see these technologies trickling down
to more affordable models as car makers work to develop fully autonomous driving cars.
In the meantime, says Filipi, fuel efficiency has improved 20 percent over the last 10 years.
“This has mostly been achieved with advanced engine technologies direct injection, turbo charging,
coupled to very modern transmissions,eight, nine,
ten speeds that keep the engine running in the best possible region,”
Almost all new models have built in display screens that connect the vehicle
to the driver`s smartphone and the Internet,helping in navigation,
taking voice commands, and sending and receiving messages.
“Therefore you can use all the applications you are used to,
everything that is tailored to your needs in your car and it`s very seamless,”
Larger manufacturers, such as Toyota,
say their all electric fuel cell cars are ready
for the market and the only obstacle is the lack of charging stations.
Others promote their hybrid gas electric models,saying
that the number of charging stations is constantly rising
while the price of home chargers is dropping.
South Korean carmaker Hyundai even offers a lifetime warranty for
the battery in its top of the line model,
hoping to make the hybrid car more attractive to customers.
George Putic, VOA News, Washington.
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.
It`s the vitamin associated with the sun that we absorb through our skin,
and increasingly block out when we use sunblock,
to avoid getting skin cancer. Vitamin D is also available in some foods,
but as the world gets fatter, Vitamin D gets trapped in body fat.
What doctors are now discovering is that many people don`t have enough vitamin D.
That`s why Dr. Michael Irwig gives lectures on Vitamin D
to the staff at the George Washington University Hospital.
“Vitamin D has become a very hot topic in medicine now
as we are discovering very high levels of vitamin D deficiency in our population,
not only in the U.S., but worldwide,” said Dr. Irwig.
Vitamin D helps our bodies absorb calcium and helps form and maintain strong bones.
Extreme vitamin D deficiency causes deformities in children and weak bones in adults.
Doctors rarely see these conditions.
But studies have linked vitamin D deficiency to a number of serious health problems,
including heart disease, several types of cancer, osteoporosis,diabetes,
Alzheimer`s disease and some autoimmune disorders.
Low levels of vitamin D are even associated with high blood pressure.
“What`s very interesting about vitamin D is that it`s involved all throughout the body,
and it`s involved on a local level,
so you can have vitamin D active in the breasts, in the prostate,
in the colon, and it`s thought that the locally acting vitamin D is helping
to protect the body against these cancers,
regulating how cells grow and how cells die,” added Dr. Irwig.
Doctors are also finding connections between vitamin D and pregnancy.
“There have been some studies showing that
if you give pregnant women 4,000 units of vitamin D a day,
their rates of complications in pregnancy are much decreased,”
noted Dr. Irwig. “If you look at things like infection,
pre term delivery, even gestational diabetes mellitus,
they are all reduced with giving pregnant women higher doses of vitamin D.”
The Institute of Medicine, which advises the U.S. government on health,
is expected to update its recommended amount of vitamin D by September.
It currently recommends 200 to 600 units of vitamin D daily. But many experts,
including Dr. Irwig, recommend adults take 1,000 to 2,000 units a day,
an amount only possible to get though supplements.
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.
The United States has, for many diseases,
actually a quality which is below the average OECD.
Now, if the American healthcare system would focus a lot more on measuring quality,
and raise quality just to the level of average OECD,
it would save the American people 500 billion U.S. dollars a year.
That`s 20 percent of the budget of the healthcare budget of the country.
Now you may say that these numbers are fantastic, and it`s all logical,
but is it possible?
This would be a paradigm shift in healthcare,
and I would argue that not only can it be done,
but it has to be done. The agents of change are
the doctors and nurses in the healthcare system.
In my practice as a consultant,
I meet probably a hundred or more than a hundred doctors
and nurses and other hospital or healthcare staff every year.
The one thing they have in common is they really care about
what they achieve in terms of quality for their patients. Physicians are,
like most of you in the audience, very competitive.
They were always best in class. We were always best in class, you know.
And if somebody can show them that the result they perform for
their patients is no better than what others do,
they will do whatever it takes to improve.
But most of them don`t know. But physicians have another characteristic.
They actually thrive from peer recognition.
If a cardiologist calls another cardiologist in a competing hospital
and discusses why that other hospital has so much better results,
they will share.