六级新题型

词汇必备

高频词汇966词

abolish

The government should abolish the income-tax for the low-paid.

absurd

So you think I am a spy? How absurd!

abundance

The tropical island boasts an abundance of wildlife.

abuse

He abused the land because he regarded it 

as a thing belonging to him.

access

Human development is based 

not only on innate biological states, 

but also on patterns of access to social knowledge.

accessory

She wore the suit with perfectly 

matching accessories—hat, bag, shoes.

accommodate

He will accommodate me 

with the use of his house while he is abroad.

accompany

Tomorrow the mayor is to accompany 

a group of Canadian businessmen on a tour of the city.

accordingly

When we received your instructions 

we shall act accordingly.

accountable

Ministers are accountable to Parliament.

accustomed

She performed task with her accustomed ease.

acquaint

Books acquaint them with life in the world.

activate

Fumes from cooking are enough to activate the alarm.

addicted

She became addicted to alcohol and diet pills.

adhere

Paint won't adhere well to a greasy surface.

adjacent

The area is adjacent to the station.

adjoin

The dining room adjoins a conservatory.

administer

A health and Safety agency would administer new regulations.

adolescence

Adolescence means the period following the onset of puberty 

during which a young person 

develops from a child into an adult.

adolescent

He found trouble solving his adolescent problems.

adverse

Taxes are having an adverse effect on production.

aerial

The first aerial battle in WWⅡtook place in Warsaw.

affiliate

The high school my daughter studies 

in is affiliated with our university.

affirm

We've simply affirmed an old truth: 

the pursuit of affluence does not always end with happiness.

afflict

Some African countries are afflicted by mounting external debts.

aggravate

The author believes that the strikes may seriously 

aggravate racial discrimination in the United State.

aggregate

The council was an aggregate of three regional assemblies.

aisle

The musical had the audience dancing in the aisles too.

alien

It can be inferred from the passage that before Sept. 11, 

aliens with expired visas might stay on 

for as long as they wished.

alienate

Sometimes the urban environment alienates its inhabitants.

allege

Allen will soon find out that real life is seldom 

as simple as it is alleged in commercials.

alleviate

In order to alleviate children's boredom, 

the author would probably suggest adjusting 

the pace of life and intensity of stimulation.

allocate

According to the author, 

the answer to the problem of public education 

is that the Federal government should allocate Federal 

funds for public education.

alternate

Professor Smith and Professor Brown 

will alternate in giving  lectures.

ambiguous

You need to rewrite this sentence because it is ambiguous, 

the readers will have difficulty in understanding it.

amend

Some of the laws of physics are amended every few years. 

ample

The sun was setting fast, but there was still ample light.

amplify

He amplified （on） his new findings with drawings and figures.

analogy

To help students understand how we see, 

teachers often draw an analogy 

between an eye and a camera.

analytical

The analytical method is often used in university studies. 

anonymous

The myth of success implies comparison 

between the haves and the have-nots, 

the stars and the anonymous crowd.

apparatus

The astronauts have special breathing apparatus.

appease

Amendments have been added to appease local pressure groups.

appendix

This book has two appendices.

appraisal

The best way a reader can show admiration 

for a piece of poetry or prose 

is to make a fair appraisal of its artistic value.

appreciate

We began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises.

approve

Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law.

approximate

Your story approximates to the fact.

apt

My bicycle bell is apt to fall off when I ride too fast.

arch

She arched her back.

armo(u)r

The contingent includes infantry, armour and logistic units.

array

Located in Washington D. C., 

the Library of Congress contains an impressive array 

of books on every conceivable subject.

arrogant

Their teachers often feel that these children are arrogant, 

inattentive, or unmotivated.

articulate

He is an articulate man who is able 

to express his thoughts and desires very precisely.

ascend

The terrain of the mountains in Norway ascends to 2,000 feet.

ascertain

The police are trying to ascertain what really happened.

ascribe

Many great scientists ascribe their success to hard work.

assault

He was guilty of assaulting a police officer.

assert

He asserted that he was innocent.

assimilate

A good student assimilates knowledge quickly.

assume

Before posting your résumé, 

carefully consider your job search objective 

and the level of risk you are willing to assume.

attempt

An astronaut will attempt to 

leave the stationary spaceship and then return to it.

attendant

The president gave the Prince 

and his attendants a farewell banquet.

attribute 

Cook attributes the Conservancy's success 

in the Poconos to having a local presence 

and a commitment to working with local residents.

authoritative

There're some information from an authoritative source.

authorize/-ise 

The troops were authorized to use force.

automation 

You have to ascertain that it had the proper automation 

equipment in good working order.

autonomous 

Each of the US states has an autonomous government.

autonomy

Branch managers have full autonomy in their own areas.

avail

We tried to keep him alive but to no avail. 

avert 

She averted her eyes from the terrible sight.

aviation

Weren't they both speaking in English, 

the official international aviation language？

awesome

His concert is just awesome 

and you'll never regret the money you paid for the ticket.

axis

The Earth revolves on its axis once every 24 hours.

baffle

One of the examination questions 

baffled me completely and I couldn't answer it.

bald

He tried to hide his patch 

by sweeping his bald hair over to one side.

ballet

The ballet school offers free places to children 

who are exceptionally talented.

ballot

Most of us balloted for the decision.

barren

The barren land could produce little food.

batter 

The prisoner was battered to death with a table leg.

beforehand

Study the case carefully beforehand.

bewilder

Many tourists were bewildered 

by the city's complicated traffic system.

blaze

He attacked the fire with poker 

and tongs until it blazed up.

bleak

The picture of the reading ability 

of the American people is rather bleak.

blink

In a blink of an eye he had disappeared.

blunt

They try not to be blunt and avoid making direct criticisms.

boycott

The people should boycott 

the products of the fashion industry.

brace

Both stations are bracing themselves for job losses.

bracket

The relevant data are included as bracketed points.

breach

These commitments have already been breached.

brood

She was brought up by a loving stepfather as part of a brood of eight. 

brew 

A story is brewing.

buck 

But don't expect me to stick to the job just 

because it pays a few more bucks.

bully

You must protect yourself 

or they will continue to bully you, 

so you will go on living in disgrace.

bureaucracy

A formidable wall of bureaucracy 

has been erected to protect their prime nesting sites

on the Atlantic coastlines.

bureaucratic

The company was inefficient 

because it was highly bureaucratic.

bust

She made a plaster cast of a bust of Lincoln.

buzz

So when the insects buzz in to eat, they won't buzz out.

cape

She was wearing a dark blue cape and a soft felt hat.

capsule

The astronauts work and live in the space capsule.

caption

I didn't understand the drawing until I read the caption.

cardinal

This is a matter of cardinal significance.

carve

She says people need to carve out sufficient time to sleep, 

even if it means giving up other things.

casualty

The exact casualty figures are not yet available.

cater

They are often incapable of catering 

to the needs of talented students.

caution

Caution must be taken in introducing new technology.

cavity

The dentist carefully located the filling in the cavity.

certify 

Sometimes the bank manager himself 

is asked to certify cheques 

if his clerks are not sure about them.

cherish

It was a wonderful occasion 

which we will cherish for many years to come.

chord

Mr. Jenkins arguments for stability struck a chord 

with Europes two most powerful politician.

chorus

He was greeted with a rousing chorus of Happy Birthday.

chronic

One cause of the artist's suicide 

seems to have been chronic poverty.

clamp

Clamp the two pieces of wood together until the glue dries.

clarify

The study of sign language is thought 

to be an attempt to clarify misunderstanding 

about the origin of language.

clarity

For the sake of clarity, 

each of these strategies is dealt with separately.

clearance

There is no record of a review and clearance to field test.

cluster

At its core is a cluster of neurons 

deep in the brain known as the amygdale.

clutch

He clutched at the rope we threw to him.

coalition

The party may realign (itself) with Labour in a new coalition.

cognitive

Language is a test case for human cognitive development.

coherent

Even though they are intellectually coherent, 

each becomes only one more voice in the babble.

coincide

It is fortunate for the old couple 

that their son's career goals 

and their wishes for him coincide.

coincidence

It was such a coincidence 

when Pat and Mike met each other in Tokyo.

collaboration

He was looking admiringly at the photograph published 

by Collins in collaboration with the Imperial Museum.

collide

An accident took place 

when the driver of a truck ran a red light 

and collided with the car.

collision

There has been a collision involving 

a number of cars on the main road to town.

commemorate

Woolworth was the first businessman 

to erect a true skyscraper to commemorate himself.

commend

As his supervisor, 

I would like to commend him to your notice.

commentary

Stop shouting! I can't hear the football commentary.

compatible

This printer is compatible with most microcomputers.

compete

A lot of distractions compete for children's time nowadays.

competence

Executives were afraid of being dismissed 

for lack of competence at the age of 65.

compile

The local authority must compile 

a list of the names and addresses of taxpayers.

complement

Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.

complexion

Her resignation puts a different complexion on things.

complication

There is less need for blood products, 

less chance of complications during and after surgery.

compliment

A shy person may respond 

to a compliment with a statement like this one. 

comply

People who refuse to comply with the law will be punished.

compose

Many four and five-year-olds 

who have been shown a few letters 

and taught their sounds will compose 

single words of their own with them even 

before they have been taught to read.

composite

English is a composite of many languages.

comprehensive

The state government gave a very comprehensive explanation 

of its plans for the development of electronic industry.

compromise

The company is prepared to compromise 

with the employees over their pay demand.

compulsory

They have done away with compulsory Latin 

for university entrance at Harvard.

concede

Even exercise professionals concede half a point here.

conceive

Living alone was conceived to be negative—dark and cold.

concise

I gave a concise answer about this.

confer

The government conferred an honour on the hero.

confidential

For a particular reason, 

he wanted the information to be treated as confidential.

confirm

This incident stuck in my mind 

because it confirmed my growing 

belief that children are changing.

conform

E-mail is a convenient, 

highly democratic informal medium for conveying messages 

that conforms well to human needs.

confront

I wondered what I would do 

if confronted with a real midair medical emergency.

conquer

She conquered her fear 

and crossed the shaking bridge by herself.

conquest

They succeeded in the conquest of the city.

conscience

She gave him back the money 

she'd stolen for the sake of her conscience.

conscientious

He is a conscientious student.

conscious

They sent this image to all parts of Brazil 

and made people conscious of other patterns 

of behavior and other values.

consecutive

She was away for three consecutive days.

conservative

Socrates encouraged new ideas 

and free thinking in the young, 

and this was frightening to the conservative people.

conserve

The funds raised will help conserve endangered meadowlands.

consist

Social support consists of the exchange of resources 

among people based on their interpersonal ties.

console

Economists say families about to go into debt 

to fund four years of studying can console themselves 

with the knowledge that college is an investment.

consolidate

The presidential candidate consolidated his position 

by winning several primary elections.

conspicuous

There was a conspicuous landmark ahead.

constituent

In the not for profit organizations, 

decision-making effectiveness was defined 

from the perspective of satisfying constituents.

constitute

The court constituted him legal guardian of the child.

constrain

Sometimes environments constrain those people 

and sometimes environments give those people opportunity.

contaminate

Avoid using any contaminated food.

contemplate

My grandfather often contemplates 

the past with a feeling of longing and respect.

contempt

This kind of research 

could lead to wholesale destruction of human embryos, 

cloned infants and a general contempt for human life.

contend

Factions within the government were contending 

for the succession to the presidency.

contention

The captured territory was one of 

the main areas of contention between the two countries. 

contradict

What Americans strive after often contradicts their beliefs.

contrive

So we've contrived various justifications 

that turn out to be half-truths.

controversial

a controversial issue

controversy

The main controversy surrounding speeding laws 

is the extent of their safety value.

convene

Environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week 

to ponder the global climate of the future.

conventional

the conventional workplace

converge

Our previously opposed views are beginning to converge.

conversion

The conversion from childhood to adulthood 

is always a critical time for everybody.

convict

She has twice been convicted of fraud.

coordinate

To coordinate work among police departments.

cordial

The atmosphere was cordial and relaxed.

correlate

Being overweight correlates with an increased 

risk of heart and blood vessel disease.

correspond

Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.

correspondence

She has a lot of correspondence to deal with.

corrode

Rust corroded the steel rails.

corrupt

Competition strengthens the national character than corrupt it.

counterpart

Large-city urbanites are also 

more likely than their small-town counterparts 

to have a cosmopolitan outlook.

courtesy

My job title made people treat me with courtesy.

cradle

He saw Greek art as the cradle of European civilization.

credible

The results are hardly credible; 

he cannot believe they are accurate.

criterion

The most important criterion for assessment 

in this contest is originality of design.

crumble

He crumbled the cake onto his plate.

culminate

He is desperate because all his efforts culminated in failure.

cultivate

Corn was not known in Europe until Columbus 

found it being cultivated in Cuba.

cumulative

Depression is often caused 

by the cumulative effects of stress and overwork.

dart

The cat made a dart for the door.

dazzle

Put on dark glasses or the sun will dazzle you 

and you won't be able to see.

decimal

You know 0.6 is a decimal 

because there's a decimal point 

between the 0 and the 6.

decree

They had to obey the decree that beards be shaved off.

dedicate

It's pleasure for him to dedicate his energy 

and even his life to research work.

deduce

They deduced that the fish died because of water pollution.

default

It will have to restructure its debts to avoid default.

defendant

Even judges are softer on attractive defendants.

defiance

It is an indication of their defiance against social change.

definitive

But there's never been definitive proof that 

treatment with very bright lights makes a difference.

degenerate

Will too much freedom make them degenerate?

degrade

Some scientists are dubious of the claim that 

organisms degrade with age 

as an inevitable outcome of living.

delegate

A good many proposals were raised by the delegates, 

as was to be expected.

deliberate

The committee has deliberated the question at great length.

demonstrate

You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise.

denote

A quick pulse often denotes fever. 

denounce 

In the newspaper they denounced the government 

for its redundant spending of public funds.

deport

He was deported for violation of immigration laws.

deprive

In his last years, 

Henry suffered from a disease 

that slowly deprived him of much of his sight.

descendant

We will be leaving our descendants to wonder 

how a creature so ugly could have won so much affection.

descent

The plane had gone into a steep descent.

designate

This area of the park 

has been specially designated for children, 

but accompanying adults are also welcome.

desperate

I would never have resorted to a court of law 

if I hadn't been so desperate.

despise

It is curious how much one despises and condemns the vices.

destined

Those who cater to others needs are destined 

to be looked down upon.

detach

He detached the front lamp from its bracket.

detain

The teacher was very seldom detained by questioners.

deteriorate

The working condition of their members might deteriorate.

deviate

Each workday, the workers followed the same schedules 

and rarely deviated from this routine.

diagnose

He was wrongly diagnosed.

diffuse

Direct light is better for reading than diffuse light.

dilute

Bleach can be diluted with cold water.

dimension

What are the dimensions of the kitchen?

discern

I can discern no difference between the two policies.

disclose

She disclosed a secret.

discreet

We made some discreet inquiries.

discrete

Speech sounds are produced as a continuous sound signal 

rather than discrete units.

disgust

The level of violence in the film really disgusted me.

dismay

Skeptics were dismayed several years ago 

when a group of societies tried to end the debate.

disperse

The wind dispersed the cloud from the sky.

displace

Several chemicals have displaced the oxygen.

dispose

He disposed of the problem quickly.

disregard

A universal feeling, cannot be safely disregarded.

disrupt

That disturbs our personal lives, 

disrupts our sleeping and eating habits.

dissipate

Don't dissipate your efforts.

distil(l)

Distill useful solvents from waste water.

distinct

His voice was quiet but every word was distinct.

distinguish

It is getting harder and harder 

to distinguish honest applicants 

from the growing number of dishonest ones.

distort

Philosophers believe that desire, 

hatred and envy are “negative emotions” 

which distort the mind.

distract

The motorist was distracted by his cell phone.

distribute

Lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US.

divert

Even using a “hands-free” device 

can divert a driver's attention to an alarming extent.

divine

It is the divine will.

dodge

Face your problem boldly instead of trying to dodge them.

dole

Many families are living on the dole since the strike.

dominate

a field dominated by men

donate

Humans won't have to donate organs for transplantation.

doom

It is doomed to suffer from failure.

drought

There are desert fish which can survive through years of drought.

dub

The film will be dubbed into French and Flemish.

duplicate

We need a duplicate of an original document.

dwell

Those two men are dwelling with us.

eclipse

The election result marked the eclipse 

of the traditional right and centre.

eject

Many types of rock are ejected from volcanoes as solid, 

fragmentary material.

elaborate

We want to discuss it or hear it elaborated on.

elapse

Many years had elapsed 

before they returned to their original urban areas.

elevate

Will male-dominated companies elevate women 

to higher-paid jobs at the different rate as they elevate men?

elicit

By patient questioning the lawyer managed 

to elicit enough information from the witnesses.

eligible

They are not eligible for a student loan.

eliminate

Children's anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.

eloquent

They are smart and eloquent.

embark

Passengers with cars must embark first.

embed

Consumption has become a central 

pillar of life in industrial lands 

and is even embedded in social values.

embody

The new edition embodies many improvements.

embrace

The challenge will be to embrace two 

or more cultures in one document.

empirical

Such a purely empirical approach is unscientific or incomplete.

enclosure

Half the animals could switch off the current 

by turning a wheel in their enclosure.

endow

Some American colleges are state-supported 

and others are privately endowed.

enforce

The police enforce the law.

enlighten

If you don't know why we wash before eating,

I will enlighten you.

enrich

They want to enrich their life experience.

entail

This entails an increase in the cost of packaging.

enthusiastic

Some women are uninterested in repairing cars, 

yes, but some are enthusiastic with mechanics.

envisage

He envisaged a time when soldiers are put in mobile 

surgical units equipped with computers.

equator

It forms a right angle with the equator.

equivalent

If your job title is unique, 

consider using the generic equivalent 

instead of the exact title assigned by your employer.

erase

The vision of that big black car 

hitting the sidewalk a few feet from us 

will never be erased from my memory.

erupt

Let's take Mount Etna for example, it does erupt frequently.

escort

He was driven away under armed escort.

essence

It was self-evident that 

there is something called human nature, 

something that constitutes the essence of man.

esteem

Our study shows that, for women, 

well-being includes self-esteem.

eternal

I am tired of your eternal arguments.

evacuate

Meanwhile, 

New Orleans officials have crafted a plan to use buses 

and trains to evacuate the sick and the disabled.

evaporate

We just make some resolution 

and it evaporates after a week or two.

evoke

When people are asked 

what kind of housing they need or want, 

the question evokes a variety of answers.

evolve

Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.

exaggerate

Salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate.

excerpt

This is an excerpt from a novel.

exclaim

The player proceeded to rub his gloves 

across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed.

execution

His original idea was good, 

but his execution of the scheme was disastrous.

exemplify

This painting exemplifies the artist's early style.

exempt

These patients are exempt from all charges.

exotic

They loved to visit exotic places.

expense

Often their initial expense is greater 

than the cost of civilian clothes.

expire

Mike just discovered that his passport 

had expired three months ago.

explicit

They were explicit in their criticism.

exquisite

Her exquisite taste in painting has impressed me so much.

exterior

She maintained a calm exterior, 

though really she was furious.

external

External causes become operative through internal causes.

extinct

The panda is very likely to become extinct 

without adequate protection. 

extinguish

His behaviour extinguished 

the last traces of affection she had for him.

extract

Scientists are pushing known technologies 

to their limits in an attempt 

to extract more energy from the earth.

extravagant

Executives of the company 

enjoyed an extravagant lifestyle of free gifts, 

fine wines and high salaries.

fabricate

She fabricated a good excuse for staying home.

fabulous

I could not have imagined how fabulous 

and extravagant a real Chinese banquet could be.

facilitate

It facilitates interpersonal communication.

fake

We thought it was a genuine antique, 

but it turned out to be a fake.

fame

their fame in academic circles

fantastic

Fantastic. I can't wait to go.

fascinate

Since early times, 

people have been fascinated with the idea of life 

existing somewhere else besides earth.

feat

The new printing presses 

were considerable feats of engineering.

feedback

Coaches and parents should be aware, 

at all times, that their feedback to youngsters 

can greatly affect their children.

feminine

The typical refined Japanese woman 

wants to elevate her feminine beauty.

ferry 

Many prefer the ferry to maintain its present speed.

finite 

Since our knowledge is finite, 

none of us can exclude the possibility of being wrong.

fitting 

It seemed entirely fitting 

that she should be wearing black.

fixture

The new conductor is now a permanent 

fixture in the orchestra.

flap

The wings of the bird still flapped 

after it had been shot down.

flare

The flare of the match lit up his face.

flavo(u)r

This cake has an unusual flavor.

flaw

The fundamental flaw of American school education 

is that it lacks a coordinated national program.

fling

The monkey was up the tree, 

flinging nuts to the ground.

flip

She flipped through the pages of a magazine, 

not really concentrating on them.

flourish

The plant loves the sun and flourishes along beaches, 

in fields, and by roadsides.

fluctuate

The climate of earth has fluctuated quite a bit 

over the last 4.6 billion years of our planet's history.

fluent

Though he was born and brought up in America, 

he can speak fluent Chinese.

flush

The girl's face flushed 

with embarrassment during the interview 

when she couldn't answer the question.

flutter

The coloured flags are fluttering in the breeze.

foam 

The beer foamed up and overflowed the glass.

foil

In the play, 

a wicked old uncle acts as a foil to the noble young prince.

fold

She folded the letter so that it would fit into her bag.

foremost

The title of professor should be given only to those 

who first and foremost do teaching.

formulate

He formulated a plan of attack.

fort

They defended the fort against enemy's heavy attack.

foster

Europe's new economic climate has largely 

fostered the trend toward independence.

foul

The house was filled with foul odour.

fracture

Ground movements could cause fracture of the pipe.

fragile

The glass vessels should be handled most carefully 

since they are fragile.

fraud

Identity theft and identity fraud are terms 

used to refer to all types of crime in 

which someone wrongfully obtains and uses 

another person's personal data for economic gain.

fright

I jumped up in fright.

fringe

The woodcutter had a little house 

on the fringes of the forest.

frustrate

But it does rule out such types as the over-excitable, 

sad, cold, and frustrated.

furious

He was furious when he learned that 

the boss had deliberately assigned him a difficult client.

fury

He flew into a fury and said that the whole thing was disgusting.

fuse 

This is the right fuse for the refrigerator.

fusion

The election results produced 

pressure for fusion of the parties.

gasp

She gasped at the ghastly sight.

gaze

They typically gaze at each other for about 3 seconds at a time, 

then drop their eyes down for 3 seconds, 

before letting their eyes meet again.

gigantic

The cycles of the sun and moon are simple, 

but gigantic forces which have shaped 

human lives since the beginning.

giggle

Her nervous giggles annoyed me.

glamo(u)r

Now that she's an air hostess, 

foreign travel has lost its glamour for her.

glitter

The child was attracted 

by the glitter of the Christmas tree decorations.

gloom

The news of defeat filled them all with gloom.

gorgeous

Erik's website contains gorgeous photographs 

from his trip around the globe.

graphic

He gave a graphic description of the torture.

graze

Some cattle graze on the open meadows.

grease

You will never get the grease off the plates 

if you don't use soap.

grief

If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives 

and if they are able to articulate their feelings, 

they are more likely to recover from their grief.

grieve

The little girl was grieved by the death of her dog.

grill

Grill the trout for about five minutes.

groan

British universities are groaning under the burden 

of a huge increase in student numbers.

groove

Wheels leave grooves in a dirt road.

guardian

The legal guardian must act on behalf of the child.

halt

No one can halt the advance of history.

hamper 

Their regrowth will be hampered by human habitation.

handicap

Millions of people have some type of physical, 

mental, or emotional handicap.

harsh

Harsh winters kill it off.

hasty

They had to eat a hasty meal, 

or they would be too late for the concert.

hatch

They explored new ways to hatch baby bald eagles.

haunt

Years after the accident he was still haunted 

by images of death and destruction.

hawk

Street traders were hawking costume jewellery.

hemisphere

They live in the Eastern Hemisphere.

hierarchy

There is a rigid hierarchy of power in that country.

hike

After the hike to the river the soldiers camped for the night.

hinder

A suitable life preserver should also 

be comfortable to wear at all times, 

not so burdensome that it hinders a person 

in the water while trying to swim.

hinge

Everything hinges on how hard we work.

hoist

Unfold the flag first, 

and then hoist it quickly to the top of the flagpole.

homogeneous

Some educators try to put students of familiar abilities 

into the same class because they believe 

this kind of homogeneous grouping is advisable.

hono(u)r

Honour to honour is due.

hop

A blackbird was hopping around in the sun.

hospitality

Giving a gift can convey a wealth of meaning 

about your appreciation of their hospitality.

hound

A hound is a dog of a breed used for hunting, 

especially one able to track by scent.

hover

Army helicopters hovered overhead.

hypothesis

Many women, according to this hypothesis, 

would rather work than marry.

hysterical

His hysterical laughter made everybody stunned.

ideal

“Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not 

as a state that people can achieve, 

but as an ideal that people can strive for.

identical

How is it that your roommate's request 

and yours are identical?

identify

Many people now talk 

about the importance of a company's shared values 

or culture with which all the staff can identify, for example, 

being the best hotel chain, or making the best, 

the most user-friendly 

or the most reliable products in a particular field.

identity

According to the FBI, 

identity theft is the number one 

fraud committed on the Internet.

idle

When people become unemployed, 

it is idleness which is often worse than lack of wages.

ignite

The episode has ignited another one of those debates 

that divides parents into vocal opposing camps.

illuminate

We read it to illuminate 

not only the past but also the present.

illustrate

During the lecture, 

the speaker occasionally illustrated his point 

by relating his own experiences.

imitation

It's not real leather; it's only an imitation.

immerse

They were immersed in their scientific research, 

not knowing what happened just outside their lab.

immune

Stress that you can manage also boost immune function.

impart

He imparted the information to his friend.

imperative

Military orders are imperative and cannot be disobeyed.

implicit

Her silence gave implicit consent.

impress

I was impressed with the efficiency 

of the work done in the company.

inaugurate

Once the vise-chancellor of a university is inaugurated, 

he begins his term of office.

incentive

Companies could also reduce prices for those 

who stayed to eat food on their premises,

offer money off vouchers or other incentive for those 

who returned packaging.

incident

This incident stuck in my mind 

because it confirmed my belief 

that children are changing.

incidentally

Who—incidentally

—would have more time for their own parents?

incline

He put it there in case anyone was inclined to buy it.

inclusive

The monthly rent is $15, 

inclusive of light and water.

incorporate

Students must be incorporated, made, 

so far as possible, 

an integral part of the learning process.

incredible

It's true that we all need a career, 

it is equally true that our civilization 

has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge.

incur

The additional expenses teleworking policies 

might incur as staff start charging their home 

phone bills to the business.

indefinite

He gave me an indefinite answer.

indicate

They indicate how fast the virus spreads.

indicative

Picasso gained popularity in the mid-20th century, 

which was indicative of a new attitude towards modern art.

indignant

Mr. Smith became very indignant 

when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.

indignation

Reports of child abuse aroused public indignation.

induce

The weaknesses and immaturity of human nature 

induce children to make mistakes.

indulge

For a special treat indulge yourself 

with one of these luxury flavours of ice cream.

inevitable

It is something inevitable.

infect

It is hoped that the virus 

will kill the bacteria without harming the organism 

that the bacteria has infected.

infectious

A deadly infectious outbreak swept through a small city.

infer

What can be inferred from the conversation?

inferior

They are of an inferior social group.

infinite

A teacher must be capable of infinite patience.

inflict

If you want to avoid the pain inflicted 

by the increasingly pathetic dollar, 

cancel that summer vacation.

inform

Ten days ago the young man 

informed his boss of his intention to resign.

ingenious

It took a lot of imagination 

to come up with such an ingenious plan.

inhabit

Woodpeckers inhabit hollow trees.

inherent

Most public languages are inherently vague.

inherit

The author believes emotional energy 

is inherited and genetically determined.

inhibit

It inhibits the industrial growth of developing countries.

initiate 

In November 1987 the government initiated a public debate 

on the future direction of the official sports policy.

initiative

But what about human initiative and creativity?

inlet

They went to a fishing village on a small inlet of the sea.

inner

Time is therefore always ticking in our inner ear.

innovation 

Destructive technologies are innovations 

which can eliminate an entire business segment.

innumerable

Technological innovations have brought innumerable benefits.

insert

His hand shook a little as he inserted the key in the lock.

insight

The film provides a deep insight 

into a wide range of human qualities and feelings.

inspire

Inspired by the superstars on television, 

the young athletes trained hard and played intensely.

instal(l)

We’re installing a new heating system.

instal（l）ment

They have to pay for the house by installments.

instantaneous

He had an instantaneous response.

instinct 

It is a product of man's biological instincts.

institute

Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute 

investigator Tian Xu directs a research center 

focused on the genetics of human disease 

at Shanghai's Fudan University.

instrumental

He was instrumental in catching the criminal.

insulate

Middle class made an effort to insulate themselves 

from confiscatory tax policies.

intact

He can scarcely survive this scandal 

with his reputation intact.

integrate

These teachers try to be objective 

when they evaluate the integrated ability of their students.

integrity

He is a man of the highest integrity.

intellect

He was a man of action rather than of intellect.

intelligible

The chemical process was often written down 

in symbolic language intelligible to very few people.

intensify

The drought has intensified.

intensive

The patient's health failed to such an extent 

that he was put into intensive care.

intent

I could see that my wife was intent 

on having that fur coat, 

whether I approved of it or not.

interact

By interacting with people who study liberal arts, 

engineering students can broaden their horizons.

interfere

Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, 

but mostly saboteurs interfere 

with the hunt by misleading riders 

and disturbing the trail of the fox's smell.

interference

This article calls for more attention 

to the problem of cultural interference 

in foreign language teaching and learning.

interim

The government is taking interim measures 

to help those in immediate need.

interior

She led an expedition into the interior.

intermediate

This country is now at an intermediate stage of development.

intermittent

Did you hear the intermittent sound outside?

interval

Students or teachers can participate in excursions 

to lovely beaches around the island at regular intervals.

intimidate

The gang tried to intimidate the bank manager.

intricate 

You develop in-depth knowledge of 

the intricate structure of the language.

intrigue

The ministers were intriguing for their own gains.

intrinsic

Diamonds have little intrinsic value 

and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.

intuition

Most mathematicians trust their intuition in solving problems.

invalid

The vote was declared invalid due to a technicality.

invariably

Almost invariably, 

the better looking the person in the picture, 

the higher the person is rated.

invert

He inverted the glass and the water ran out.

involve

His transfer to another school 

would involve a lengthy assessment procedure.

irony

She said to him with slight irony.

irrespective

He is going to buy it irrespective of what you say.

irritate

If you are late for the appointment, 

you might irritate the interviewer.

jeopardize / -ise

A devaluation of the dollar would jeopardize 

New York's position as a financial centre.

jerk

He raised his eyebrows and stuck his head forward 

and jerked it in a single nod.

jog

I gave him a jog to wake him up.

joint

While countries such as India 

have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, 

Brazil has had better result without really trying.

judicial

Tom takes judicial proceedings against his boss.

justice

In his speech he showed his concern for justice, peace, 

and genuine respect for people.

justification

There's no justification for dividing 

the company into smaller units.

justify

The situation was grave enough 

to justify further investigation.

kidnap

Are cities and towns less safe 

and kids more vulnerable to crimes 

like child kidnapping and sexual abuse 

than they were in previous generations?

lace

He put the shoes on and laced them up.

lame

Sleeping too long is a lame excuse for being late.

landscape

You won't miss Arizona's desert landscape.

lash

She lashed out at the company for treating her so badly.

legend

Both men were legends in their own time.

legitimate

Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.

levy

The judge levied a ten thousand dollars fine 

against the factory for polluting the river.

liability

But in the executive circle, 

beauty can become a liability.

linger

Ever since the first nuclear power stations were built, 

doubts have lingered about their safety.

literal

Some people think that a literal translation, 

or word-for-word translation, 

is easier than a free translation.

litter

Subway said that it worked hard 

to minimize the impact of litter on communities.

locate

But now they are beginning 

to locate places where life could form.

locomotive

A locomotive is a powered 

railway vehicle used for pulling trains.

lodge 

She seldom lodged the tourists.

loom

Today Mars looms as humanity's next great terra incognita.

loosen

The little girl was so frightened that 

she just wouldn't loosen her grip on my arm.

lounge

Several students were lounging about reading papers.

lubricate

Not only do tears keep your eyes lubricated, 

they also contain a substance that kills certain bacteria.

luminous

I bought an alarm clock with a luminous dial, 

which can be seen clearly in the dark.

lunar

Man's first lunar landing took place in 1969.

lure

The child was lured into a car but managed to escape.

magnify

She tended to magnify the defects of those she disliked.

magnitude

I hadn't realized the magnitude of the problem.

maintain

Most broadcasters maintain that 

TV has been unfairly criticized and argue 

that the power of the medium is exaggerated.

maintenance

Exercise is one of the few factors 

with a positive role 

in long-term maintenance of body weight.

majesty

The majesty of the occasion thrilled us all.

majority

In the south eastern part of Lithuania Poles are in a majority.

maneuver / manoeuvre

She can then maneuver the 3D image 

on the computer screen to map the tumor.

manifest

His illness first manifested itself 

as severe stomach pains and headaches.

manipulate 

Primitive man quickly learned how to manipulate tools.

manuscript

Her autobiography remained in manuscript.

marginal

The new law will have only a marginal effect 

on the lives of most people.

massacre

They set fire to the city and massacred all the inhabitants.

maximum

The level of formaldehyde gas 

in her kitchen was twice the maximum 

allowed by federal standards.

mediate

President Wilson attempted to mediate 

between the powers to end the war, 

but neither side was prepared to give in.

medieval

Medieval agriculture in northern Europe was still a mystery for us.

melody

He played an Irish melody on the harp.

menace

Two strangers menaced him with pistols 

and forced him to give up all his money.

merge

Advertisers want to merge music with commercials.

midst

Earth scientists are in the midst 

of a revolution in understanding 

how climate has changed in the past.

migrant

The decision to move is also influenced 

by “personal factors” of the promising migrant.

migrate

Pioneers from New England migrated 

to all parts of the United States.

militant

He is a militant reformer.

mingle

Now the cheers and applause mingled in a single sustained roar.

miniature

The toy maker produces a miniature 

copy of the space station, exact in every detail.

minimize / -ise

The fire has caused great losses, 

but the factory tried to minimize the consequences.

minimum

Individual colleges choose their own students 

who have to meet their minimum entrance 

requirements set by the university.

mo(u)ld

He is cast in his father’s mold.

mobilize / -ise

Our country's in great danger; we must mobilize the whole nation.

mock

She mocked him as a country boy.

moderate 

Judging from the passage, 

he was a moderate labor leader.

modify

You modify and apply the techniques of reading.

momentum

The shift away from family life 

to solo lifestyle is part of the 

“irresistible momentum of individualism” 

over the last century.

monopoly

In many countries tobacco is a government monopoly.

mortal

He received a mortal wound soon after the battle began.

mortgage

His business is failing; 

he's mortgaged all his assets to try to save it.

motion

He gave a motion to handle 

the affairs in a friendly manner.

motivate

Such values are more likely 

to motivate workers than financial targets 

which automatically only concern a few people.

mourn

The old couple now still mourns for their beloved son, 

30 years after his death.

muddy

Usually by this time, 

all that remains of the lake is a large, 

muddy patch of wet soil.

multiply 

It revealed the secret of 

how bacteria multiply in cream and butter.

multitude

The English language contains a multitude of words 

which are comparatively seldom 

used in ordinary conversation.

murmur

There was a murmur of conversation in the room.

muscular

Physical symptoms include persistent muscular soreness.

mute

She gave me her hand with mute thanks.

mutual

The opening of national borders to the flow of goods, 

services, information and especially people 

has made universities a powerful force for global integration, 

mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.

naive

Parents take a great interest 

in the naive questions raised by their children.

necessitate

Your proposal necessitates borrowing money.

negligible

The damage to my car was negligible in the accident, 

but I have a lingering fear even today.

negotiate

Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own.

nominal 

Some firms charge only a nominal fee for the service. 

nominate

The film was nominated for several Oscars.

notation

The ability to read music notation 

has a far-reaching effect on musicians.

notify

When my guest arrives, please notify me.

notorious

Providers offering broadband for rock-bottom prices 

are notorious for poor service, 

with regular breakdowns and heavily congested networks.

novelty

At first I enjoyed all the parties, 

but the novelty soon wore off.

nurture

We have nurtured great minds like Thomas Jefferson 

and we are proud of our name.

nutrition

This food provides nutrition for you.

obedient

In some countries, 

students are expected to be quiet 

and obedient in the classroom.

obscure

Very few people could understand his lecture 

because the subject was very obscure.

obstacle

Not having a good command of English 

can be a serious obstacle preventing 

you from achieving your goals.

occurrence

Yet occurrences of shortages 

and droughts are causing famine 

and distress in some areas.

offend

Harsh words are spoken during games 

because the players are usually 

short-tempered and easily offended.

offensive

She said some offensive remarks.

offset

The settler's hatred and fear was offset 

by the Indians attempts at kindness.

offspring

The offspring will face the problems 

shown at birth by other cloned animals.

oppose

Some people oppose the ownership of H-bombs by individuals.

opposite

The buses went in opposite directions

—one went south and the other went north.

oppress

For years now, the people of that faraway country 

have been cruelly oppressed by a dictator.

optimism 

Optimism is a trait shown 

to be associated with good physical health, 

less depression and longer life.

option

By opening the North American continent, 

highways have provided people 

with greater options in term of jobs, 

access to cultural programs, 

health care, and other benefits.

optional

Is that optional course as hard as everybody says?

orient

Columbus went west to look 

for better trade routes to the Orient.

orientation

The winding trail caused the hikers to lose their orientation.

orthodox

His ideas are very orthodox.

oust

The politician was ousted from office 

by a vote from members of his own party.

outbreak

A deadly infectious outbreak swept through a small city.

outgoing

She is the outgoing head of a large corporation. 

outline 

He outlined his responsibilities.

outlook

Books widen their outlook, 

develop a fact-finding attitude.

outrage

It's an outrage that any American's life expectancy 

should be shortened simply because the company 

they worked for went bankrupt.

outstanding

Imagine a person who goes to work every day, 

but is not an outstanding worker.

overcome

The influence of the association is too powerful 

for the less privileged to overcome.

overflow

The overflow from the bath ran on to the floor.

overhear

I couldn't help overhearing your conversation. 

overlook

The importance of a broad education should not be overlooked.

overt 

His opponent's intention is quite overt. 

overtake

He was trying to overtake the truck ahead of him.

overthrow

There are the continuous 

overthrow of existing scientific theories.

overturn

Our knowledge of social systems is not likely 

to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.

overwhelm

No difficulty can overwhelm us.

overwhelming

The overwhelming majority of citizens 

tend to believe that the death penalty 

will help decrease the crime rate.

pact

The two opposition parties made an electoral pact.

paradox

It is a paradox that the French eat so much rich food 

and yet have a relatively low rate of heart disease.

paralyze/-yse

As a result of the accident, he is paralysed for life.

partial

It is said that the math teacher 

seems partial towards bright students.

participant

Participants on the show were to go through training 

at Russia's cosmonaut training center.

partition

The subsets in a partition are called cells.

pastime

Americans are enthusiastic 

and energetic about hobbies or pastimes.

pathetic

Almost everyone in the auditorium was weeping 

by the time he finished telling the pathetic tale.

patriot

A patriot recognizes his duty to defend his country.

patriotic

There's a patriotic theme in the room.

patron 

He is the patron of this small restaurant.

peculiar

You look peculiar and I am curious about you.

pedal

While you pedal away on the exercise bicycle, 

a machine will be monitoring your breathing and pulse.

peel

The paint was peeling away from the wood.

peer

T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School, 

encourages independent thinking and allows the young 

to negotiate their relationships with their peers.

peg 

Hang your overcoat on the peg in the hall.

penetrate 

They bullet did not penetrate his chest.

perceive 

Perceiving that he wasn't happy with the arrangements, 

I tried to book a different hotel. 

perception

With brand perception a crucial factor, 

Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo.

perfume

Flowers perfumed the air. 

periodical

I expect regular periodical reports from you.

perish

Hundreds of sheep perished that year because of drought.

permeate

An obvious change of attitude at the top 

towards women's status in society will permeate 

through the current law system in Japan.

permissible

It is permissible to edit and rephrase the statement.

perpetual

Because of the perpetual noise of traffic 

I couldn't get to sleep last night.

perplex

The work in the office was perplexed 

by a constant stream of visitors.

persist

Severe food shortages persisted 

into the late 1980s in some regions.

persistent

Persistent efforts are needed in order 

to finish important but unpleasant tasks.

perspective

Foreigners can offer a fresh 

perspective on established practices.

petition

Everyone signed the petition to the County Council 

for a new school in our village. 

pierce

The nail pierced through the sole of his shoes, into his foot. 

pirate

They are pirated products.

pitch

He pitched the can out of the window.

plaster

We need some hard-burned plaster.

plateau

In what we now see in the plateau of Central Southeast Asia, 

there are barbarism and fanaticism in the information society.

plea

Her plea was that she did not see the signal.

plead

He could not plead ignorance as his excuse; 

he should have known 

what was happening in his department.

plight

The plight of the refugees really wrung my heart.

plunge

In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote 

part of Eastern Europe plunged Europe into a great war.

poke

His elbow poked out through his torn shirt sleeve.

polar

Due to Earth's curvature, 

our polar regions receive limited solar energy.

ponder

The professor found himself constantly ponder the question: 

“How could anyone do these things?”

portion

At meal times it is a good idea 

to give a child a small portion 

and let him come back for a second helping.

pose

Any picture of a person who poses 

for the camera would look dull and unnatural.

posture 

The government adopted an uncompromising posture 

on the issue of independence.

precaution

I hope all the precautions against air pollution, 

as suggested by the local government, 

will be seriously considered here.

precede

The days that preceded were filled with activity.

precedent

There are substantial precedents 

for using interactive media in training.

preceding

In the preceding chapter 

we focus on the background information.

preclude

We try to preclude any possibility of misunderstanding.

predecessor

The chapel was built in 1864 

on the site of its predecessor.

predominant

While nuclear weapons present grave potential dangers, 

the predominant crisis of overpopulation is with us today.

prefer

I should prefer you not to stay there too long.

preferable

According to Hancock, 

the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales 

because salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate.

preliminary

There are a lot of preliminaries to be gone through 

before you can visit certain foreigners.

premature

I had been a little premature in coming to this conclusion.

premise

Companies could also reduce prices for those 

who stayed to eat food on their premises, 

offer money off vouchers or other incentive for those 

who returned packaging.

premium 

They have to pay life insurance premiums.

prescription

The physician made a prescription against seasickness for him.

presentation 

On presentation of the relevant identity documents 

you may collect your property.

preside

Although it was his first experience as chairman,

he presided over the meeting with great skill. 

prestige

David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society 

that gives so much prestige to those who compete well.

presumably

He will presumably resign in view 

of the complete failure of his policy.

presume

Such an increase presumes an abundant 

and cheap energy supply. 

pretend

He pretended to be reading an important paper 

when the boss entered.

prevail

So far, prevailing winds and currents 

have kept the thick patch of oil 

southeast of the Atlantic coast.

prevalent

He recognised efforts made by McDonald's, 

including placing litter bins 

and increasing litter patrols, 

but its litter remained “all too prevalent”.

preview

Journalists have been given a sneak 

preview of the singer's latest album.

prey

Thousands of small businesses 

are falling prey to high interest rates.

primitive

The anthropology of the future will not be concerned 

above all else with primitives.

prior 

Because of a prior engagement, 

Lora couldn't attend my birthday party last Saturday. 

priority

She will give priority 

to African American women's concerns. 

probe

Space probes have provided evidence 

that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. 

proceeding

When he realized he had been induced 

to sign the contract by intrigue, 

he threatened to start legal 

proceedings to cancel the agreement.

proclaim

The boast of his own knowledge proclaims ignorance.

profound

Young people's social environment has a profound 

effect on their academic progress.

prolong

Surgery for cancer may cure or prolong a life, 

but the removal of tonsils can do nothing to a sore throat.

prominent

In the past few years, 

prominent schools around the world have joined the trend.

prone

Weight lifting, 

or any other sport that builds up your muscles, 

can make bones become denser and less prone to injury.

propaganda

The government produced much political propaganda.

propagate

The political party 

started the newspaper to propagate its ideas.

propel

Under the guidance of their teacher, 

the pupils are building a model boat propelled by steam.

proposition

The young man gave a clear proposition at the meeting.

prosecute

I am waiting for permission to prosecute my craft.

prospective

She showed a prospective buyer around the house.

provocative

He sticked provocative poster on board 

when nobody was looking.

provoke

The murder provoked a campaign 

to increase police protection for politicians.

proximity

Their house is in close proximity to ours.

prune 

The workers have pruned all the dead branches.

qualitative

It combines quantitative variables and qualitative variables.

quantify

It is important to quantify various concrete hazards.

queer

She had a queer feeling that they were being watched.

quench

I quenched my thirst with a glass of cold beer.

quota

Any salesperson who sells more than 

the weekly quota will receive a bonus.

radiant 

He gave a radiant smile when he heard the news.

radiate

She lifted her chin, radiating defiance.

random

The magician picked several persons at random from the audience.

rap

The ambassador rapped out an order.

rash

It would be extremely rash to make such an assumption.

rear 

Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?

reassure 

The woman was worried about 

the side effects of taking aspirins, 

but her doctor reassured her that it is absolutely harmless.

rebellion

Although there are occasional outbreaks of gunfire,

we can report that the rebellion 

has in the main been suppressed.

recede 

The colleges would recede in importance.

recipe 

This, I think, s the proper recipe for remaining young.

reciprocal

And when the United States places obstacles 

in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods, 

it's likely to encourage reciprocal action abroad.

reckless

I discovered during my own reckless adolescence 

that what creates excitement is not going fast, but going faster.

reckon

We hope we can reckon on your support.

reclaim 

A sufficient weight of plastic could easily be reclaimed.

recommend

It can be concluded from the passage 

that recycling is to be recommended 

both economically and environmentally.

reconcile

I have learned there are reasons 

why few engineering students try to reconcile engineering 

with liberal-arts courses in college.

reconciliation

He was taken up with the reconciliation of husband and wife.

recruit

Researchers recruited 92 families 

from 11 child care centers 

before their children were a year old. 

rectify

Once you get to know your mistakes, 

you should rectify them as soon as possible.

redundant 

In the newspaper they denounced the government 

for its redundant spending of public funds.

reel 

The two reeled out of the bar arm in arm.

refer

Refer to the dictionary 

when you don't know how to spell a word.

refine

Refined table manners, 

though less popular than before in current social life, 

are still a must on certain occasions.

refrain

The choir's sopranos took up the refrain. 

refreshment 

Hobbies and holidays are for refreshment and recreation.

refuge

He was forced to take refuge in the French embassy. 

refund

If you're not delighted with your purchase, 

we guarantee to refund your money in full.

refute

They refuted his wrong idea.

regime

Under the new regime in our office, 

no one is allowed to leave early.

regiment

A whole tank regiment was completely immobilized 

by enemy air attacks. 

rehearsal

The play is in rehearsal now.

reign

The original chapel was built in the reign of Charles I.

rein

He reined the mare's head about and rode off.

rejoice

He rejoiced that all the work was after all finished in time.

relay

It stipulates that companies 

must offer relay services to individuals.

reliance

My boss has failed me so many times 

that I no longer place any reliance on what he promises.

relieve

Urban crowdedness would be greatly relieved 

if only the fares charged on public 

transport were more reasonable.

relish

I was appointed to a post for which I had little relish.

remainder

Fifteen students in the class are girls 

and the remainder are boys.

remnant

Even today remnants of this practice remain.

repay

The manager has given me another chance 

and I'm desperate to repay that faith.

repel

She was repelled by the permanent 

smell of drink on his breath.

repression 

Repression made him behave worse.

reproach

There was mild reproach in his tone.

reproduce

In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves.

resemblance

Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance 

between their lives and what they see on TV.

resent

But we strongly resent those 

who get rich by dirty means. 

reside

It is better to reside in a bad part of town, 

they think, than not to live in a house at all.

residential

They'd cut global residential power consumption 

and their utility bills by 43 percent.

resign 

Ten days ago the young man informed 

his boss of his intention to resign.

resist

According to the author, 

a bachelor resists marriage chiefly 

because he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities.

resort

Use violence only as a last resort.

respective

After the party we all went off to our respective rooms.

restrain

You should try to restrain your ambition and be more realistic.

restrict

Some states allowed trucks up to 36,000 pounds, 

while others restricted anything over 7,000 pounds.

resultant

The railroads are criticized 

for their part in settling the West too rapidly, 

with its resultant economic unrest.

resume

We will stop now and resume working at 2 o'clock.

resumé

You need perfect your resumé 

to enhance the chance for interview.

retention

They advocate the retention of our nuclear power plants.

retreat

But this did not make them waver or retreat.

retrieve 

As we know, computers are used to store 

and retrieve information efficiently

retrospect

One's university days 

often appear happier in retrospect 

than they actually were at the time.

revelation

Its revelation will do no harm to consumers 

under the current protection policy.

revenge

England's team will be doing their best next week 

to revenge themselves for last year's defeat.

reverse

The appeal court reversed the original verdict 

and set the prisoner free.

revive

It was through the influence of the universities 

that many cities tired to revive 

their cultural institutions in the inner city areas.

rigorous

The planes have to undergo rigorous safety checks.

rim

The water was even with the rim of the basin.

rivalry

Bitter ethnic rivalries 

within the region have grown in recent years.

romance

What impressed us is the beauty and romance of the night.

rot

The white man frequently 

killed the buffalo merely for sport, 

leaving the dead body to rot in the sun.

royalty

The writer gets a ten percent royalty 

on each copy of his book.

rupture

They reported that the pipeline had ruptured.

sacred

A church is a sacred building.

safeguard

We will introduce legal safeguards against fraud.

salute

He clicked his heels and saluted.

saturate

By 1973 the American market had become saturated.

savage

That's an island inhabited by savages.

scar

A scar slanted across his face.

scare

The small animals were scared like anything 

when they saw a tiger walking towards them.

scent

The flower scent stimulated people's desire to buy.

scorn

She scorned the view that inflation was already beaten. 

scramble

Scrambling up her hair, she darted out of the house.

scrap

Waterbirds, for example, 

can choke on plastic bottle rings and get cut by scrap metal.

scratch

His dog just gives a scratch at the door 

when it wants to come in.

scrub

Opposition leaders suggested she should scrub the trip to Iraq.

scrutiny

Although the model looks good on the surface, 

it will not bear close scrutiny.

sculpture

She has learned to appreciate modern sculptures.

segregate

Mexican Americans are increasingly relegated to segregated, 

substandard schools.

sensation

The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors 

in addition to its speak level.

sensitive

Some plants are very sensitive to light; 

they prefer the shade. 

sentiment

I agree with your sentiments regarding the road bridge. 

serial

A new serial is starting on television tonight.

setback

At first everything went well 

with the project but recently 

we have had a number of setbacks with the machinery.

shatter

The shells became so thin that 

they shattered before the babies hatched.

shelter

In the storm I took shelter under a tree.

shield

She lied to the police to shield her friend.

shrewd

For example, lawyers are shrewd 

and dishonest is a popular stereotype. 

shutter

The camera has a shutter speed 

of one-sixtieth of a second.

shuttle

The Secretary of State shuttled to 

and fro seeking compromise.

sieve

We often shake flour through a sieve.

signify

Getting into Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambition.

simulate

Computers create a “virtual” 

or simulated environment for surgeons.

simultaneous

In the past ten years skyscrapers 

have developed simultaneously in Chicago and New York City. 

situated

She is awkwardly situated.

skeptical/sceptical

Many scientists remain skeptical 

about the value of this research program.

skip

You might as well simply skip the class 

and apologize to the professor later.

slack

A slack official is one who is irresponsible in his work.

slash

Slash and burn farming can be good for soils provided 

it doesn't completely burn all the vegetation, 

and leaves behind charred wood.

slaughter

The battle resulted in a frightful slaughter.

slot

You buy this bookcase in sections and slot them together.

slump

Most of us have survived a recession, 

so we're familiar with the belt-tightening 

strategies needed to survive a slump.

smuggle 

He smuggled out a message.

snatch

She snatched a biscuit from the plate.

sneak

The problem for me was that there were no symptoms; 

it seemed to have sneaked up on me.

sniff

Take a sniff at everything 

and distinguish the good from the bad.

sober

The cinema should emphasize serious 

and sober examinations of fundamental human problems.

solidarity

They must preserve their solidarity.

soluble

The poison is soluble in alcohol.

sovereign

For a brief time Texas was a sovereign nation.

spacious

The Browns lived in a spacious 

and comfortably furnished house in the suburbs.

sparkle

There was a sparkle in his eyes.

speciality

Reebok shoes will continue to 

be sold only in better specialty, 

sporting goods, and department stores.

specification

The Government's policies will come under 

close specification in the weeks before the election.

specify

The directions specify how the medicine is to be used.

spectacle

The spectacle greatly excited us at the time.

spectrum

Non-white females also tend to fall 

at the fatter end of the spectrum.

speculate

He did not speculate on who would get the prize.

spice

His stories are spiced with humour.

spiral

The production in this factory is spiral.

sprinkle

I sprinkled the floor with water.

stabilize /-ise

His condition has now stabilized.

stagger

I was so tired that I could hardly stagger to my feet.

stalk

Without another word she turned and stalked out.

stall

She sells fruits at a market stall.

staple

Greek legend was the staple of classical tragedy.

stationary

The earth seems stationary while that is happening.

steer

She steered the car skilfully through the narrow streets.

stern

A smile transformed his stern face.

stimulus

If the tax were abolished, 

it would act as a stimulus to exports.

stitch

He had to have sixteen stitches to his head.

straightforward

She gave me a straightforward answer.

strand

The ships were stranded in shallow water.

stray

Don't stray from the point.

streamline

We should streamline the administrative structure, 

and this is related to the devolution of powers.

stretch

For instance, 

the phone might be the best medium foe sales 

where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth.

strive

The Chinese diplomatic envoys 

should strengthen our international position 

and strive for world peace.

stubborn

This disease is hard to cure for 

it is caused by a kind of stubborn virus.

stumble

Her foot caught a stone and she stumbled.

stump

He stumped away on short thick legs.

stun

The man was strangled after being stunned 

by a blow to the head.

sturdy

The townspeople have a sturdy independence.

subjective

Taste is such a subjective matter 

that we don't usually conduct preference tests for food.

subordinate

You can teach your dog its subordinate role 

by teaching it to show submission to you.

subscribe

He subscribed a large sum to an animal protection society.

subsidiary

In 1987, when a subsidiary of Toshiba 

sold sensitive military technology to the former Soviet Union, 

the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post.

subsidy

The subsidy provided by the University 

is offered only to those professors 

who have made excellent achievements.

substantial

The house is substantial enough to last a hundred years.

substitute

Doctors warned against chewing tobacco 

as a substitute for smoking.

successor

President Hoover's successor attached 

even more importance to this problem.

sue

America's injured workers could 

sue for damages in a court of law.

suffice

Some bread and soup will suffice me.

suite

She has a suite of rooms in the hotel.

summon

We do not realize that 

waving good-bye is the way to summon a person 

from the Philippines to one's side.

superiority

There is no doubt that the superiority of these goods 

to the others is easy to see.

supersonic

These planes travel at supersonic speeds.

supervise 

We have appointed a qualified designer 

to supervise the new factory project.

supplementary

Supplementary unemployment benefit plans should be promoted.

suppress

Use of the drug suppressed the immune response. 

surpass

It was a massive project, 

easily surpassing the scale of such previous 

human behaviors as the Panama Canal.

susceptible

A signed agreement is not susceptible of change.

suspend

He was compelled by illness to suspend his experiment.

suspension

He designed the first suspension bridge.

suspicion

I have a suspicion that she is not telling the truth.

suspicious

People are suspicious of the professional judgment of scientists.

swamp

Already the public agencies 

for adult education are swamped by the tide.

swap

This comic was a swap that I got from Nick.

swing 

The executives acknowledge that 

they try to swing national eating habits 

to a food created in America, 

but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism.

symmetry 

An overall symmetry makes the poem pleasant to the ear.

sympathize/-ise

He could neither understand nor sympathize with my eagerness.

symphony 

Autumn is a symphony of texture and pattern.

symposium

The symposium on AIDS research lasted two days.

synthetic

Latin is a synthetic language, 

while English is an analytic one.

tablet

Crossing the road, driving a car, 

flying, swallowing an aspirin tablet 

or eating a chicken sandwich they can all be fatal.

tack

He used the tool to tack down sheets of fibreboard.

tan

Smith, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, 

teaches grade school in the mornings.

tangle

His mind was in a tangle.

tariff

A copy of the tariff is placed in each room of the hotel.

tease

He is a terrible tease.

temperament

She has an artistic temperament.

tempt

Although he was on a diet, 

the delicious food tempted him enormously.

tentative

One tentative plan is to use the Internet 

to transmit information on patients visual defects 

from the optician to the manufacturer.

terminate

If Japan terminated its relation with that 

country it will have to find another supplier of raw materials.

terrace

There's a table free on the terrace.

terrain

Unfortunately, the terrain of the mountains ascends to 2,000 feet.

terrify

That sort of thing terrifies people.

testify

Along the way, 

she's lectured at Harvard, testified before congress, 

and addressed audiences in 40 states, 

as well as in Mexico, Canada, and Japan.

testimony

She insists that her testimony is based 

on the results of an experiment she conducted herself.

thermal

In Beijing, Shenwu Thermal Energy Technology Co. 

specializes in retrofitting China's steel furnaces.

threshold

Teaching students of threshold level is hard work 

but the effort is very rewarding.

tickle

He is tickled by the idea.

tilt

Hundreds of people were sliding into the sea 

as the ship tilted and began to go down.

timely 

He got the timely advice from his friends and relatives.

timid 

I was too timid to ask for what I wanted.

tiresome

How tiresome!I have left my watch behind.

tolerant

We are becoming relatively tolerant of home schoolers.

tract

There are tracts of desert in Africa.

transaction

They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.

transcend

Excellent films are those 

which transcend national and cultural barriers.

transfer

I intend to transfer the property to my son.

transient

In many cases the money seemed to do little more 

than buy transient relief for their bored children.

transistor

Rather than digital computers and transistors, 

some want to work with brain cells and proteins.

transit

The wooden cases must be secured 

by overall metal strapping 

so that they can be strong enough 

to stand rough handling during transit.

transition

The institution has a highly effective program 

which helps first-year students 

make a successful transition into college life.

transmit

Some diseases are transmitted by certain water animals.

transplant

A group of farmers were transplanted 

to the island by the government.

transport

The Ministry of Transport maintains 

that speed limits reduce accidents.

traverse

The railway traverses the country.

tribute

As a tribute to Switzerland, 

the symbol was the Swiss flag reversed.

trigger

This could trigger a memory about 

what you were talking about through that lecture.

triple

After all, the world's population 

has more than tripled during this century.

trivial

Don't let such a trivial matter 

as this come between us so that 

we can concentrate on the major issue.

tuck

Without any hesitation, 

she took off her shoes, 

tucked up her skirt and splashed across the stream.

tug

Tom felt a tug at his sleeve.

tumble 

She pitched forward, tumbling down the remaining stairs.

turbulent

Rumours are everywhere, 

spreading fear, damaging reputations, 

and turning calm situations into turbulent ones.

turnover

The combined turnover of both businesses 

has doubled in the last two years.

unanimous

Police and villagers unanimously 

ascribed the forest fire to thunder and lightning.

underestimate

The influence of media violence 

on children has been underestimated.

underlying

Franklin D. Roosevelt argued 

that the depression stemmed 

from the American economy's underlying flaws.

undertake

The designers who undertake green fashion 

still face many challenges.

unfold

The most remarkable part of this story unfolded only last week.

unify

How can we unify such scattered islands into a nation?

update

Although the firm was updating its systems anyway, 

the company spent 10-15% more per user to equip them 

with a laptop rather than a PC.

upgrade

The company, which needed to upgrade 

its IT infrastructure to provide connectivity with a new, 

second office, decided to introduce support 

for remote working at the same time.

uphold

They uphold a tradition of not causing 

distress to living creatures.

utter

Many birds utter warning calls at the approach of danger; 

monkeys utter different cries, 

such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure.

vague

It is not advisable to use the general, 

all-covering apology because it is vague and ineffective.

valid 

The passport was valid for three months.

vein

He closes his article in a somewhat humorous vein.

vent

The plant was isolated and the gas was vented.

ventilate

Gas heaters should only ever 

be used in well-ventilated rooms.

verbal

A big problem in learning English 

as a foreign language is lack of opportunities 

for verbal interaction with proficient speakers of English.

verdict

We would like to know your verdict in this matter.

verge

Many ecologists believe that lots of major species 

in the world are on the verge of extinction.

verify

It can be inferred from the passage that 

the lobby group Consumer International 

wants to verify the effects of non-polluting products.

versatile

As a versatile actor, he can perform, 

sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.

versus

Since December, when the report came out, 

the mayor has engaged in a fierce battle over its validity: 

over the guilt of the steel-casting factory 

on the western edge of town, 

over union jobs versus children's health.

veto

The legislature would have a veto 

over appointments to key posts.

vicinity

The police were alerted that 

the escaped criminal might be in the vicinity.

vicious

Algeria's underground conflict is so vicious 

that even hardened journalists don't travel there.

violate

Those who violate the fish and game laws 

will not be qualified for membership 

in the sportsmanship fraternity.

virgin

Canadian authorities encouraged the slaves, 

who escaped from America, 

to settle on its vast virgin land.

visualize/-ise

We must visualize issues from every perspective 

to make the objective decisions.

vocal

Vocal cries would have been quite enough, 

more likely than tears to gain attention.

vocational

Unfortunately many young people have to consult 

a competent vocational counselor or psychologist.

void

We will void the existing and issue a new one.

vulgar

His vulgar manners shocked everyone.

vulnerable

Are cities and towns less safe 

and kids more vulnerable to crimes?

warfare

Our chief method is to learn warfare through warfare.

warrant

I will warrant him an honest and reliable fellow.

warranty

I wonder what warranty they have for refusing us admittance.

watertight

His argument was very watertight.

weary

she was weary of their constant arguments.

wedge

The door was wedged open.

weird

It all sounds a bit weird to me.

whereby

Why not work out some system whereby 

they can pay back the debts they owe society?

whirl

The dancer suddenly made a whirl.

withhold

The government is threatening to withhold future financial aid.

withstand

We may use robots to expand our frontiers, 

first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, 

harmful to ourselves.

wrench

Casey grabbed the gun and wrenched it from my hand.

wretched

What a wretched existence these people lead in the slums!

核心词汇995词

abandon

He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.

absorb

The writer was so absorbed in her work that 

she didn't notice him enter the room.

abstract

There is an exhibition on 1980's abstracts 

in Beijing Museum recently.

accelerate

It greatly accelerated the speed of production 

and improved the quality. 

accept

I’ve received a gift from him, 

but I’m not going to accept it.

acceptable

All I did was let him know his behaviour was not acceptable.

accessible

It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.

accidental

But the accidental sunshine these days 

has shown me the shadow of spring.

accommodation

Having decided to rent a flat, 

we set about contacting 

all the accommodation agencies in the city.

accordance

Everything will be done in accordance with your request.

account

She's angry on account of what you said over lunch.

accumulate

Lead deposits, 

which accumulated in soil and snow 

during the 1960's and 70's, 

were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions.

accuse

He was accused of causing a fire.

acquire

Reading ability is something acquired rather than taught.

acquisition

In bringing up children, 

every parent watches eagerly 

the child's acquisition of each new skill.

acute

Dogs have an acute sense of smell.

adapt

It is not easy to adapt to lives in different cultures.

addict

She is a shopping addict.

additional

There will be an extra charge for any additional passengers.

adjust

People need opportunities to make a “midlife review” 

to adjust to the later stages of employed life.

administration

Computer technology will bring 

about a revolution in business administration.

adopt

Most people prefer to adopt children from overseas.

advantage

Diversity is taking 

advantage of our differences and similarities.

adventure

All the children listened 

to his adventures with eager attention.

advisable

It's advisable to treat them as one's own kids.

affection

The couple were developing 

a genuine affection for each other.

agenda

The question of nuclear weapons 

had been removed from the agenda.

agreeable

He may not seem as agreeable as Dr. Andrews, 

but at least he doesn't keep patients waiting for hours.

alert

To combat the flu effectively, 

one should remain alert when the disease is spreading.

alliance

Without them, 

we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.

allowance

Plus, they give me a really generous allowance, 

but I am beginning to feel 

that I'm wasting my time and their money.

alter

In the long run, 

the new information technologies 

may fundamentally alter our way of life. 

alternative

Every time you can't decide, 

you burden yourself with alternatives.

amaze

“As I talked to them, I was amazed.” she said.

ambition

He should have an ambition to 

make some contribution to man's knowledge.

ambitious

Although some of the more ambitious programs 

require new investments in servers 

and networks to support collaborative software, 

most DL courses can run on existing systems.

amount

My savings amount to $2000.

amuse

A real estate broker I know keeps herself 

amused on the job by mentally redecorating 

the houses she shows to clients.

amusement

We looked with amusement at our horoscope.

amusing

He is such a likable,amusing man.

analysis

Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.

analyse/-ze

Finally, the researchers analyzed 

the children's speech at age 3, 

using a standardized language test.

announce

The whistle of airplane engines announced a coming air raid.

annoy

He does get annoyed with her sometimes.

annual

Annual renewal of academic merit scholarships 

depends on whether the recipients remain qualified.

anticipate

Give them rewards they anticipate.

antique

My father collects antiques.

anxiety

I'll accept anxiety as another name for challenge.

appeal

The automobile is losing 

its emotional appeal among the young, 

who prefer to spend their money 

on the latest electronic devices.

appearance

The sudden appearance of a policeman 

caused the thief to run away.

appetite

Fame and wealth have done nothing 

to curb her appetite for success.

applause

He sat down amid deafening applause.

appliance

The appliance of science could increase crop yield.

applied

Result shows that the method is feasible 

and has upper applied value in practice.

appoint

We will increase our turnover 

if you appoint us as your sole agent.

approval

Such arrangement requires approval of relevant finance 

and tax authorities in China.

arbitrary

A good judge should try to 

be fair not to make arbitrary decisions.

arise

These changes arise from differences in climate 

and the nature of the country.

arouse

We hope that this case will arouse our concern 

about the environmental problem.

arrange

Can we arrange it some other day?

artery

The element of water travels through every cell, 

vein, artery and system within the biology.

artificial

These flowers inside the room are all artificial.

ashamed

Aren't you ashamed of your selfish behavior?

aspect

We want to talk about the creative aspect of communication.

assemble

When the alarm rings passengers 

and crew will assemble at their boat station.

assembly

He is an assembly line worker.

asset

Good health is a great asset.

assign

Can you assign an exact time for our meeting?

assignment

Nevertheless authorities have to accept the assignment.

assist

We are here to assist, to teach, 

and to evolve as we go through this process together.

associate

You can add tasks and associate each task 

with a particular web page or with the whole web.

assurance

Our plant provides products with low prices, 

quality assurance, timely delivery.

assure

If someone could invent some use for kudzu 

and remove it from southern farmland, 

his or her fortune would be assured.

astronomer

As an astronomer,

he studies stars and planets profoundly.

attitude

While enriching their imagination, 

books develop a fact-finding attitude.

authority

He was an AsianAmerican raised in a household 

where respect for those in authority 

was shown by averting your eyes.

automatic

A fine for this offence is automatic.

avoid

I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, 

but he saw me and came running towards me.

awake

The secretary lay awake all night pondering 

whether to leave or stay.

aware

Medical researchers are aware that 

there are many problems still remained unsolved.

awkward

The shy girl felt awkward and uncomfortable 

when she could not answer her teacher's questions.

ban

Pania reluctantly but courageously 

decided to try to educate the public 

and to fight for laws to ban drivers 

from using cell phones while a car is moving. 

bankrupt

The loss would bankrupt GM.

barrier

Trying to criticize writing on the fly 

is possibly the single greatest barrier 

to writing that most of us encounter.

batch

Each summer a new batch of students tries to find work.

bearing

She had an arrogant bearing.

behalf

My husband could not be here tonight, 

but I want to thank you on his behalf.

beneficial

Most parents believe reading to be beneficial to children.

betray

He will betray even his best friends.

bias

The former is biased while the latter is objective.

bleed

She bled him for every penny he had.

blend

Happiness is hard to find in blended families.

bless

God bless you, my dear. 

It's most kind of you to help.

bloom

With the development in science and technology man 

can make various flowers bloom before their time.

blunder

He knew he'd blundered.

blush

She turned away to hide her blushes.

boom

There is a boom in Internet-based instruction.

boost

He has argued that tapping ANWR's oil 

would help ease California's electricity crisis 

and provide a major boost 

to the country's energy independence.

bounce

The goalkeeper bounced the ball twice before kicking it.

bound

New customers are bound to replace old ones.

breakdown

The breakdown of engines caused us to ask for help.

breakthrough

technological breakthroughs

brilliant

He came up with a brilliant idea.

brink

The tree grew on the brink of the cliff.

brisk

The actress is walking at a brisk pace.

browse

Shop owners often hire moonlighting police 

as parking attendants so that shoppers 

can stay longer browsing in the store.

bruise

A bruise had formed below his left eye.

brush

There are dozens of companies 

across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles 

and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc.

brutal

This is a brutal murder.

bulk

The bulk of the work has already been done.

bump

The old bus bumped along the mountain road.

bundle

He sold a bundle of old magazines 

to the second hand bookstore.

cabinet

Facing the window stood a curiously wrought cabinet.

campaign

We have planned an exciting publicity 

campaign with our advertisers.

cancel

Wait, you mean the business 

conference on Tuesday is cancelled?

candidate

Why do you think 

you are the right candidate for this position?

capacity

One significant improvement in the future car 

will probably be its seating capacity.

career

For example, 

some people are starting new careers in their 50s and later.

casual

He loved to present 

such pieces of information with a casual air.

cautious

The consumers are becoming more cautious 

about the products they are going to buy.

cease

Food deliveries have ceased, 

and fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.

certificate

I am back in school taking courses 

for a teacher's certificate.

challenge

The current approach which focuses on younger people 

and on skills for employment is not adequate 

to meet the challenges of demographic.

chaos

He sees that human stupidity and greed 

are about to plunge Europe into chaos.

characteristic

The basic characteristics of toys

are the same the world over.

characterize/-ise

Toys are not characterized by technological progress.

chase

It was one of those boring films with endless car chases.

chill

As hard as it may be, sit back and chill, experts advise.

chip

Performance is your best bargaining chip 

when you are seeking a raise.

circuit

The United States has led the world 

in the commercialization of major new technologies, 

from the integrated circuit of the 1960s 

to the Internet infrastructure

and applications software of the 1990s.

circular

Loving a child is a circular business.

circulate

So how do job seekers protect themselves 

while continuing to circulate their résumés online?

circulation

The new banknotes will go 

into general circulation next year.

circumstance

In those circumstances, 

it's difficult to know whether to approach 

the child directly or the parent first.

citizenship

Not only was everything 

that he had taken away from him, 

but also his German citizenship.

clap

The audience clapped enthusiastically 

at the end of the play.

clash

There is a horrible clash 

between the green carpet and the orange curtains.

clasp

He lay on his back 

with his hands clasped behind his head.

classify

These methods can be classified 

into three types of informational writing: 

factual, descriptive, and process.

climax

They believed that this was not 

the climax of their campaign for equality 

but merely the beginning.

clumsy

The machine looked like a large, 

clumsy, old-fashioned typewriter.

coarse

My clothes were made of coarse cloth.

combat

One critic has suggested that if pro football 

has become the voyeur's version of combat, 

then the horror film has become 

the modern version of the public lynching.

combine

Trading in financial markets combines both.

commence 

The bull-fight was to commence in twenty minutes.

commerce

The business institutions in America 

are concerned with commerce.

commission

The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness.

commit

Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, 

charity or foundation as First Lady, 

her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty 

may be simply to be herself.

commodity

Money as a tangible commodity 

has largely been replaced by credit.

commonplace

In the late 19th century he foresaw 

many of the technological wonders that are commonplace today.

compact

People like these electronic devices 

because of their compact size.

companion

His brother is not much of a companion for him.

comparable

Nevertheless, children in both double-income 

and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable 

amounts of time interacting with their parents.

comparative

In a poor country, 

owning a bicycle is a sign of comparative wealth.

comparison

Customers are advised to shop around 

and make comparisons between stores.

compel

compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details

compensation

Demand compensation from the hotel.

competition

Competition from the wine industry is intense.

competitive

Their firm is no longer competitive in world markets.

competitor

Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, 

and often find out only when their regular customers 

decide to frequent their competitors.

complex

Have you inquired at 

the apartment complex down the street?

complicate

Her refusal to help complicates matters.

complicated

Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, 

charity or foundation as First Lady, 

her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty 

may be simply to be herself. 

component

A test of spoken English will be included 

as an optional component of the College English Test.

composer

Factual writing provides 

background information on an author, 

composer or artist, or on a type of music, literature, or art.

compound

High winds compounded the difficulties of the firefighters.

comprehension

The problem is above [beyond] my comprehension.

compress

They will be dug up, washed, 

and compressed into a small tin box.

computerize

The accounts section has been completely computerized.

conceal

Their birth parents 

often try to conceal their birth information.

concentrate

The troops were ordered 

to concentrate near the railway station.

concentration

A study published recently in the journal Nature 

shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions 

from the United States were the leading contributor 

to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland.

conception

The time between a product's conception 

and its launch is not enough.

concern

She will give priority 

to African American women's concerns.

concession

She runs a jeweler concession in the hotel lobby.

conclusion

We begin to realize that some of our conclusions 

are flawed or contrary to our fundamental values.

concrete

Finally, help another person

—and make the help real, concrete.

condemn

We condemn the world's poor to their present poverty 

and freeze everyone else's living standards.

condense

If steam touches cold surfaces, 

it is condensed into water.

condition 

People have become conditioned to expect superior quality 

from a man who wears a uniform.

conference

Wait, you mean the business 

conference on Tuesday is cancelled?

confidence

But for many African American women like me, 

just a little of her poise，

confidence and intelligence will go a long way 

in changing an image 

that's been around for far too long.

confident

He is confident he will get the job.

confirmation

Your news was really confirmation for my beliefs.

conflict

It is in this area that husbands and wives 

find themselves having to face many confusing 

and conflicting feelings.

confusion 

This casual use would probably cause little confusion 

if people didn't attach too much importance to opinion.

consequence

How bad the consequences if the event occurs.

consequent

We should pay attention 

to the social problems of their pupils 

and their consequent educational difficulties.

consequently

Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, 

not in the tropics where they might prove useful, 

but in the wealthy countries.

conservation

They are eager to help with conservation effort.

consider

The court would not even consider his claim 

for the old man’s legacy.

considerable

Distance learning is basically characterized 

by a considerable flexibility in its academic requirements.

considerate

It's very considerate of you not to talk aloud 

while the baby is asleep.

considering

Considering your salary, 

you should be able to put aside 

at least twenty dollars a week.

constant

I wonder if love is constant.

constitution

She worked on the draft of the American Constitution.

construct

His astonishing way of constructing a novel, 

his frank portrayal of human nature in his books 

have made him one of the outstanding influences 

on literature in the 20th century.

consult

Please consult dictionaries 

when you are not sure of word spelling or meaning.

consultant

On Monday afternoon we have professional 

psychology consultants serve the students.

consume

In Britain people consume four million 

tons of potatoes every year.

consumption

Since the signing of The Kyoto Protocol, 

reductions in energy consumption 

have greatly cut back global warming.

contain

It contains many grammatical errors.

contemporary

In my opinion, 

he's by far the most imaginative 

of all the contemporary poets.

contest

She had won a prize in the previous contest.

context

The wife knew how to win herself, 

with the context of the family, 

a powerful economic position.

contract

Mobile telecommunications capacity is expected 

to double in Shanghai this year as a result 

of a contract signed between the two companies.

contradiction

There is no contradiction in my going on to say 

that a teacher should be a bit of an actor.

contrary

We begin to realize that some of our conclusions 

are contrary to our fundamental values.

contrast

She couldn't bear going back to work 

so soon after her holiday

—the contrast was too awful.

contribution

He should have an ambition 

to make contribution to man's knowledge.

convenience

Please come here at ten tomorrow morning at your convenience.

convenient

In order to make things convenient for the people, 

the department is planning to 

set up some mobile shops in the residential area.

convention

It is most desirable that he should attend the convention.

convey

Please convey my best wishes to your parents.

conviction

I ask you to address yourself to this trial in that conviction.

cooperation

Thanks for your reading and cooperation!

cooperative

This necessity of making systems compatible 

may be eliminated by cooperative planning.

cope

You'd better take along a first-aid kit 

to cope with unexpected catastrophes.

cord

parcels tied with cord

corporate

The owner opened a corporate checking account at the bank.

corresponding

Secondly, it is not clear that 

all mental states have corresponding behaviour.

corruption

the corruption of the ancient Roman court

court

I would never have resorted to a court of law 

if I hadn't been so desperate.

coverage

Diversity of their news coverage 

won their readers interest and their advertisers support.

crack

a crack of thunder

crash

Believe it or not, 

optical illusion can cut highway crashes.

creep

Ivy had crept up the castle walls.

critical

The early years of development 

are critical years for learning about oneself.

criticism 

That's somehow a criticism of me.

crucial

Hancock says it is also crucial 

whether a conversation is being recorded.

crude

Petrol is refined from the crude oil 

we take out of the ground.

cruise

Cruises have become very popular with the Japanese 

both for holidays and for business conferences.

crush

Or a working woman may face a crushing “poverty of time” 

and look for help elsewhere.

cure

I hope the doctor can cure the pain in my shoulder.

curiosity

Their curiosity concerning all manners of things.

current

The current approach which focuses on younger people 

and on skills for employment is not adequate 

to meet the challenges of demographic.

curse

She cursed the man.

customary

Now it became customary 

for the husband to go out to paid employment, 

leaving the unpaid work of the home 

and families to his wife.

deadline

The deadline draws near.

deadly

I'm in deadly earnest.

debate

The decision to leave Kimberly 

with Mr. Mays rendered her suit debated.

decay

They should be buried when partially decayed.

deceive

You were very clever to see through him. 

He had deceived the rest of us.

decisive

The archers played a decisive part in the victory.

decline

The decline in government support 

has made fund-raising an increasingly 

necessary ability among administrators.

decorate

There's the living room still to be decorated.

decrease

The lead accumulation worldwide 

has decreased significantly.

deem

Anyone not paying the registration fee 

by the end of this month will be deemed 

to have withdrawn from the program.

defect

She defected from the Liberals and joined the Socialists.

definite

It sounds as if there is some set of definite skills.

definition

Unfortunately, there are only a limited 

number of such goals to go around and by definition, 

not all the competing companies in that industry 

can seriously plan to be the best.

delegation

My suggestion is that 

we send a trade delegation to Malaysia.

delete

You'll be able to delete your résumé 

just as easily as you posted it.

delicate

During the process, 

great care has to be taken 

to protect the delicate silk from damage.

democratic

a democratic nation

denial

The prisoner's repeated denials of the charges against him.

deny

The theory does not deny that 

sleep provides some important restorative functions.

depend

It all depends on how you tackle the problem.

depression

We know that chronic pain can disrupt a person's life, 

causing problems that range from missed work to depression.

deputy 

I'm acting as deputy till the manager returns.

deserve

It deserves greater attention than other social issues.

desirable

What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher?

destiny 

She was unable to control her own destiny.

destruction

The fire caused the destruction of my books.

destructive

Children are generally destructive, 

they like breaking things.

detect

Dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste.

device

The young prefer to spend their money 

on the latest electronic devices.

devote

They haven't devoted as much energy 

to medicine as to space travel.

dictate

He dictated a letter to his secretary.

dim

This light is too dim for me to read by.

diminish

Frequent exposure to high level of sounds 

can diminish a person's understanding of speech.

diplomatic

Salespeople should be diplomatic 

and polite with angry customers.

disable

Officials have crafted a plan to use buses 

and trains to help the sick and the disabled.

disabled

Even as a child, 

I observed people who were poor, or disabled, or ill, 

but who nonetheless faced life with optimism and vigor.

disaster

The play's first night was a total disaster.

disastrous

As a system for feeding the hungry, 

the effects can prove disastrous.

discard

Teacher must discard prejudices to help the disabilities.

discharge

After the child had been treated 

and was being prepared for discharge, 

Doctor Myer talked to the parents 

about how they should care for the child at home.

discipline

But most important, you'll gain discipline.

disgusting

What a disgusting smell!

disorder

She committed suicide because of her mental disorder.

dispense

Here we dispense three bottles of water to Marines everyday.

dissolve

Farmers use man-made chemicals 

to dissolve the natural chemicals in plants.

disturb

She could not practice without 

disturbing the rest of the family.

domain

Governments today play an increasingly larger role

in the domains of welfare, economics, and education.

dominant

Email is now the dominant 

medium of communication within a company.

donation

Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, 

since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations.

doubtless

It doubtless represented 

the views of most Americans in the 1850's.

drag

He felt that his family was a drag on his career.

drastic

Recognizing that drastic action 

was needed to develop the interior, 

he decided to build a brand new capital city 

in the Brazilian Highlands.

dread 

“I dread to come to the end of the year,” 

said a friend to me recently.

drift

A day laborer, drifting from town to town.

dump

Too much toxic waste is being dumped at sea.

dynamic

He was such a dynamic speaker that he held our attention 

every minute of the three-hour lecture.

earnest

an earnest young man

echo

Nancy is only a sort of echo of her husband's opinion 

and has no ideas of her own.

economy

We need to make substantial economies.

efficiency

These machines have increased 

our work efficiency many times.

efficient

Hiring of efficient employees.

elegant

Her writing was elegant.

elementary

elementary laws of economics

emit

The beam is emitted by a laser.

emphasis

an emphasis on speed and efficiency

enclose

The yard had been enclosed with iron railings.

endure

I can't endure that woman.

energetic

A football referee should be 

as young and energetic as possible.

engage

Americans generally are engaged 

for a period of about one year, 

if they are planning a wedding ceremony and a party.

enhance

They can enhance the university's image.

enlarge

Existing universities were enlarged.

enormous

enormous economic advantages

enrol(l) 

She was enrolled in a register of electors.

ensure

We can ensure that the work 

shall be done in the right way. 

entertainment

The local entertainments are listed in the newspaper.

enthusiasm

These overseas students show great enthusiasm 

for learning a new language.

epidemic

Identity theft is “an absolute epidemic”.

erect

She held her head erect and her back straight.

erode

Metals are eroded by acids.

essential

Regular health checks are essential to keeping fit.

estimate

So estimate pictures or sounds in a reader's mind 

by calling up specific details of the work.

ethnic

ethnic background

evaluate

We evaluate the cause of the pain.

evolution

Every form of life undergoes evolution.

excess

The fat boy went on a diet to get rid of his excess weight.

excessive

Excessive quantities of water are being used nowadays 

with the rapid development of industry and agriculture.

exclusive

The two plans are mutually exclusive.

excursion

Students can participate in excursions to lovely beaches.

exert

Considerable effort is being exerted today 

to achieve more accurate weather predictions.

exhibit

Her paintings were exhibited in France.

expand

At the same time, 

it would expand its 28-year-old merit program.

expansion 

Below 4℃ water is in continuous expansion 

instead of continuous contraction.

expenditure

Whether you live to eat or eat to live, 

food is a major expenditure in every family's budget.

explanation

The only explanation for his behavior is that he’s mad.

explore

To explore strategies for lowering production costs.

expose

The soil was washed away by the flood, exposing bare rock.

exposure

It's the occasional burst of stress

or brief exposure to stress that could be protective.

extension

Sometimes parents regard their children 

as extensions of themselves.

extensive

The school has extensive playing fields.

extent

Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.

extreme

The capital is in the extreme south of the country.

facet

This book is about how these basic beliefs 

and values affect important facets of American life.

facial

According to the key witnesses, 

a peculiarly big nose 

is the criminal's most memorable facial feature.

faculty

They will bring with them more international faculty.

fade

The memory of her sufferings in her childhood 

will never fade from her mind.

faint

He recovered from a faint.

fantasy

Everyone should indulge in fantasy on occasion.

fasten

Fasten your belts, and we will take off soon.

fatal

Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon 

which could kill somebody.

fatigue

Many of drugs caused significant side effects in older people, 

including dizziness and fatigue. 

favo(u)rable

I hope you will give favorable consideration to my suggestion.

feasible

It is not feasible to build sea 

defenses to protect against erosion.

feast

All the guests were invited to attend 

the wedding feast and had a very good time.

fertile

A large area of desert was reformed to 

turn to fertile soil in the northwest region.

fierce

Owing to fierce competition among the airlines, 

travel expenses have been reduced considerably.

filter

Companies, libraries and schools worldwide frequently adopt 

firewalls and filters to rein in unwanted types of Web surfing.

flee 

Why does she always flee any kind of responsibility?

flexible

We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday,

but we can be flexible and go another day. 

float

A feather floated down on the wind.

flock

A flock of customers were waiting for the store to open.

foresee

He foresaw the world war.

forestry

Modern orchard and forestry practice recognizes this fact 

and the close planting of trees of the same species is avoided.

forge

The blacksmith is forging the horseshoe.

format

Pay attention to the résumé format you use

—chronological or reverse order.

forthcoming 

Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming Utopia 

little attention has been given to the poor.

fraction 

Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors 

in an effort to protect their privacy.

fragment

They have found several fragments of a Roman vase in the area.

framework

This bridge over the river has a steel framework.

freight

We freighted the goods to the warehouse by truck.

frequency

Microwave, which have a higher frequency than ordinary radio waves, 

are used routinely in sending thousands of telephone calls 

and television programs across long distances.

friction

Oil can reduce friction.

frontier

As the intelligence of robots increases to match 

that of humans and as their cost declines 

we may use them to expand our frontiers.

fulfil(l)

He has fulfilled the orders that I gave him.

fund

Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, 

since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations.

fundamental 

Certainly, the biological link 

between parent and child is fundamental.

furnish

The British government often says that 

furnishing children with access 

to the information superhighway is a top priority.

galaxy

The Galaxy in which the earth is located 

is a disc-shaped spiral galaxy 

with approximately 100,000 million stars.

gamble

She was fond of gambling on cards and horses.

gear

They put the hunting gear into the boat.

generous

Harvard and Princeton, for example, 

offer generous need-based packages, 

but many families who don't meet 

need eligibility have been willing to pay 

whatever they must for a big-name school.

genetic

Yale's collaboration 

with Fudan University on genetic research.

genius

I was going to be a complete engineer: 

technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one.

genuine

Secondly, it is not merely desirable 

but essential for a teacher 

to have a genuine capacity for sympathy, 

a capacity to understand the minds 

and feelings of other people.

gleam

Her eyes gleamed with satisfaction.

glide

The stately swan glides gracefully on the pond.

glimpse

A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper 

vividly shows how much people 

in the United States think about business.

gloomy

Things looked pretty gloomy.

glorious

They should also pay all bills for a glorious wedding 

banquet for several hundred guests.

glory

He was bathed in glory on the day he became the Ministry.

gossip

I would prefer to hear no more gossip of any kind.

gracious

I received a gracious letter of acknowledgement.

grant

While she awaits the outcome, 

the government has granted her permission to work here 

and she has returned to her job.

gratitude

Her eyes were immediately filled with gratitude.

greedy

Mr. Spears was known as a greedy man in his community.

grind

Slaves were mercilessly ground down by slave holders.

gross

At such times, winning may dominate one's intellect, 

and every action, no matter how gross, 

may be considered justifiable.

guideline

You should write at least 120 words 

according to the following guidelines.

guilty

It may make the other person feel guilty.

harbo(u)r

Harboring criminals is an offense in law.

hardy

The kind of plant is a hardy annual.

haste

From my own experience，

I would like to say that sometimes the decision 

to go back to work is made in too much haste.

haul

He hauled his bike out of the shed.

hazard

To help reduce those accidents, 

the foundation will conduct its tests in areas 

where speed-related hazards are the greatest.

heave

The wave heaved the boat on land.

heighten

The news heightened my fears.

herd

They want to get back to their herds and start farming again.

hesitate

He hesitated before he answered 

because he didn’t know what to say. 

highlight

I'll show you the highlights of the event.

hono(u)rable

He is a decent and honourable man.

horizon

By interacting with people who study liberal arts, 

engineering students can broaden their horizons.

hostile

In their different ways, 

both sea and space are equally hostile.

huddle

The cat huddled itself on the cushion.

humanity 

Universities offer research programs to advance science 

for the benefit of all humanity.

humble

In my humble opinion, he will win the election.

hurl

He hurled curses at the unfortunate man 

who had made the mistake.

ignore

I tried to tell her but she ignored me. 

illegal

Mike Foster is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law 

which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal.

imaginary

My little daughter has an imaginary friend.

immense 

Despite immense differences in cultures, 

heroes around the world generally 

share a number of characteristics 

that instruct and inspire people.

immigrant

But those captured were anything but terrorists, 

most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South America.

impact

In families with two working parents, 

fathers may have more impact 

on a child's language development than mothers, 

a new study suggests.

impetus

Apart from enormous productivity, 

another important impetus 

to high consumption is the concept.

implement

It tried to implement a novel financial aid program.

imply

What does the woman imply?

impose

Restrictions should be imposed 

on teenagers applying to take driving lessons.

impulse

The plan will give an impulse to industrial expansion.

inadequate

To the eyes and ears of sensitive adults 

the language of the young always seems inadequate.

incidence

This area has a high incidence of crime, 

disease, unemployment, etc.

influential

But today, thousands of people 

come to green building conferences, 

and the idea that buildings can be good for people 

and the environment will be increasingly 

influential in years to come.

initial

Honest employers do not need 

this information with an initial application.

inject

Inject the foam and allow it to expand.

innocent

Some countries are beginning to deal with this problem, 

but it's vital we find a rational way of fishing, 

then catch them in a way that 

doesn't kill other innocent sea life.

innovative

He is an innovative thinker.

input

As the input of energy is increased, 

the volume gets louder.

inquiry/enquiry 

The task of political sociology is 

to enquire into the causes of political events.

insane

Insane people are sometimes dangerous.

insist

Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly 

and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.”

insult

At the park, 

Stella's intervention on her son's behalf ended 

in an undignified exchange of insulting words 

with the other boy's mother.

insurance

They must send the receipts to the insurance company promptly.

intellectual

In their opinion, 

the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities 

because it will not only do harm to the environment 

but also to the intellectual atmosphere.

intelligence

But for many African American women like me, 

just a little of her poise，

confidence and intelligence will go a long way 

in changing an image that's been around for far too long.

intend

What message did the researcher intend to convey to parents?

intense

Competition from the wine industry is intense.

intensity

The pain grew in intensity.

intention

Ten days ago the young man 

informed his boss of his intention to resign.

interaction

He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 

21 percent of instant messages, 

27 percent of face-to-face interactions 

and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.

interpret

He must use the sounds of speech to identify the words spoken, 

understand the pattern of organization of the words, 

and finally interpret the meaning.

intimate

For every social situation, 

there is a permissible time that you can hold a person's gaze 

without being intimate, rude, or aggressive.

invade

Thousands of tourists invaded the old town.

invaluable

This information was invaluable to him.

invasion

The invasion of tourists brought life to the summer resort.

investigate

Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal 

that a special committee be set up 

to investigate the incident.

invisible

It makes me think about the invisible train platform.

isolate

Several villages have been isolated by the floods.

jealous

I'm very jealous of your new job.

junction

The police have installed cameras 

at dangerous road junctions.

keen

My grandfather had always 

taken a keen interest in my work, 

and I had an equal admiration for the stories of his time.

label

The label stuck on the envelope says “By Air”.

leaflet

He picked up a leaflet about care of the teeth.

leak

It seems oil has been leaking 

from this pipe for some time. 

We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.

legalization

In recent years, 

a movement for legalization has been gathering strength.

legislation

They are now lobbying against any legislation 

to stop Americans from owning a hydrogen bomb.

liable

The sportsman first of all obeys the fish and game laws, 

not because he is liable to be punished as a violator, 

but because he knows that in the main 

these laws are made for his best interests.

liberal

It rose in US News & World Report's 

ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17.

liberty

The constitution guards the liberty of people.

likelihood

There is likelihood that she will be promoted.

literary

He wrote outspoken articles of literary 

criticism that shocked his teachers.

location

The dance of the honeybee communicates 

the location of flowers to other members of the hive.

lofty

Young people should have lofty ideals and aims.

loyalty

Newspapers are often the most important 

form of news for a local community, 

and they develop a high degree 

of loyalty from local readers.

luxury 

In fact, the market for all types of luxury holidays 

for the Japanese has increased a lot recently.

magnificent

The magnificent scene of the waterfall 

is a perfect delight to the eye.

mainstream

Because few mainstream publications have done 

in-depth features on regular African American women.

manufacture

Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products 

for decoration weren't designed for indoor use.

manufacturer

As a matter of fact, 

the world's largest carpet manufacturer 

has already developed a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable.

march

The soldiers marched along the street.

margin

You shouldn't have written in the margin 

since the book belongs to the library.

marvel(l)ous

He had had the most marvellous experience.

massive

There is a massive monument in the square.

means

The company is trying every means to 

bring down the wholesale price of its products.

mechanism

There is a universal language mechanism 

that makes it possible for us 

to learn any language in the world.

memorize/-se

The best way a reader can show admiration 

for a piece of poetry or prose is 

to be able to appreciate it and memorize it.

mercy

It's a mercy the accident happened 

so close to the hospital.

minor

I had a car accident, only some minor injuries though.

minority

The campus had doubled 

its minority population in the last six years.

miracle

It's a miracle that Frank came out of the accident alive.

misfortune

Such misfortune should not have fallen on him.

mislead

Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading.

mobile

In order to make things convenient for the people, 

the department is planning to set up 

some mobile shops in the residential area.

modernize/-ise

If it works,it would help to modernise the entire economy.

modesty

Modesty helps one to go forward.

mood

Tom must be in a bad mood today.

morality

In a 1996 poll of Americans, 

loss of morality topped the list 

of the biggest problems facing the U.S.

motive

The buying motives of consumers 

are controlled by advertisements.

mount

Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, 

an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops.

mysterious

El Nino is name given to the mysterious 

and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world.

nasty

Try to get rid of your nasty cold.

nationwide

An analysis of US Census data 

nationwide found that between 1995 and 1996,

a greater percentage of single, 

female-headed households were earning money on their own.

necessity

The fund-raising ability is largely 

a product of experience and necessity.

negative

For every dissatisfied customer, 

a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews.

neglect

What will happen if the fields 

are neglected in the southern United States?

negotiation

The president promised to keep all the board members informed 

of how the negotiations were going on.

neutral

The author's attitude towards 

the speaker's remarks is neutral.

nevertheless

The London Marathon is a difficult race. 

Nevertheless, thousands of runners participate every year.

notable

Many notables came to the President's reception.

noticeable

There's been a noticeable improvement in his handwriting.

notion

One of the more difficult things many students 

must adjust to in the states is the notion 

that time must be saved whenever possible 

and used wisely every day.

nowhere

The new book you need is nowhere to be found.

nuisance

A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. 

They are a thorough nuisance.

obligation

We have family obligations.

oblige

Cancellation of the flight obliged many passengers 

to spend the night at the airport.

observation

According to the author's observation, 

college students have never been so materialistic as today.

obvious

The attraction for students might at first seem obvious.

occasion 

Refined table manners, 

though less popular than before in current social life 

are still a must on certain occasions.

occasional

Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight.

occur

It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble.

offense 

Otherwise, young people would not commit 

offenses against the language.

opponent

Opponents of the private ownership of H-bombs 

are very much worried that the cost of the weapon 

will put citizens on an unequal basis.

opposition

And the term big business is seen in opposition to labor.

optimistic

Don't be too optimistic.

orbit

Most asteroids orbit the sun 

far from Earth and don't threaten us.

oriental

Do some oriental philosophies lean towards fatalism? 

origin

What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, 

the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.

original

Companies are hiring more foreign employees 

because they need original ideas 

from employees hired overseas.

originality

The work lacks originality. 

originate

The person who originated this type 

of research deserves our praise.

ornament

They are ornamenting a Christmas tree.

outlet 

The outlet of a water pipe was blocked.

package 

He packaged up the presents he had got for his birthday

and put them in the cupboard.

panic

The crowd panicked at the sound of the guns. 

parade

The officers will parade through the town centre.

parallel

The stream parallels the road for several miles.

participate

Students or teachers can participate in excursions 

to lovely beaches around the island at regular intervals.

particular

Your mother must be anxious to know the particulars.

partner

Are you sure you want him as your partner for life?

passive

He had a passive expression on his face.

patent

Try some of this new patent medicine.

patrol

He recognized efforts made by McDonald's, 

including placing litter bins and increasing litter patrols, 

but its litter remained “all too prevalent”.

pattern

They patterned a new machine.

pause

When he had run up the hill, 

he paused for a minute to rest.

peak

During peak shopping hours, 

some retailers solved the parking problems 

by getting moonlighting local police 

to work as parking attendants.

penalty

One of the penalties of fame is 

that people point at you in the street.

pendulum

The fish tail was swinging back 

and forth like the pendulum of a clock. 

pension

Some French farmers suggest that the Government pension 

off the older and less efficient farmers.

periodic

Earth scientists have come to understand 

that climate has gone through periodic changes.

permanent

Camps that provided health care, 

food and shelter for 150,000 survivors have begun to close 

as they were never intended to be permanent.

persuade

He persuaded her to go to school, 

even though she did not want to.

persuasion

The persuasion of a democracy 

to big changes is at best a slow process. 

pessimistic

Some pessimistic experts feel that 

the automobile is bound to fall into disuse.

phenomenon

They were phenomena in the history of music.

piracy

They were mere apprentices to piracy.

pledge

He's pledged his mother's wedding ring.

plug

It's up to you to plug the leak.

popularity

Regardless of how it's sold, 

the popularity of bottled water taps 

into our desire for better health.

porch

There are thousands of pages of advertising on our porch.

portable

The biggest safety threat facing airlines today 

may not be a terrorist with a gun, 

but the man with the portable computer in business class.

portray

The president's decision was portrayed 

as a reasonable compromise between science and moral.

positive

He is positive to believe in the being of God.

possess

She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.

possession

The information in my possession is strictly confidential.

postpone

The bank refused to loan him any money, 

so he had to postpone buying a house.

potential

You aren't using your computer to its full potential.

poverty

Or a working woman may face a crushing 

“poverty of time” and look for help elsewhere. 

practicable

The measures will be put into effect 

as soon as is reasonably practicable.

pray

I pray your permission to speak.

preach

The old man preached temperance to young people.

precise

While much is known about what occurs during sleep, 

the precise function of sleep 

and its different stages remains largely 

in the realm of assumption.

precision

Now they can make all kinds of precision machine tools.

predict

It is useful to be able to predict the extent 

to which a price change will affect supply and demand. 

preface

Preface your remarks with something like: 

“I know you'll think I'm silly …”

prejudice

These facts prejudiced them against her.

prescribe

What punishment does the law prescribe for this crime?

present 1

Were you present at the meeting 

when the news was announced?

present 2

Please, present a different theory to the class.

preserve

No hunting is allowed in the preserve.

prevent

What prevented you from joining us last night?

previous

In previous times, 

the fresh meat was in short supply, 

pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.

primary

The statement “The business of America is business” 

probably means “Business is of primary concern to Americans.”

principle

According to the passage, 

heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers 

in that they can serve 

as concrete examples of noble principles.

privacy

He greatly resented the publication of this book, 

which he saw as an embarrassing invasion of his privacy.

privilege

Education should not be considered 

to be a privilege in a modern society.

probability

The probability is that it will be phased in over a number of years.

probable

What is the probable relationship 

between the two speakers?

procedure

If the father says he hates fat meat 

or the mother refuses vegetables in the child's hearing, 

he is likely to copy this procedure.

proceed

The player proceeded to rub his gloves 

across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed, 

“Are they wet enough now?”

process

In some cases, 

students may need to be recommended by their school 

or a teacher as part of the qualification process.

procession

People came in flocks to see the royal procession.

productive

In recent years much more emphasis has been 

put on developing the students productive skills.

profession

The doctor is respected by his profession.

profile

The old trees were profiled against the pale sky.

profitable

Several tourism companies believe space travel 

is going to be a new profitable industry.

promote

The company are promoting their new products on television.

property

The deep-sea listening system makes use of the unique 

property of layers of ocean water in transmitting sound.

proportional

Payment will be proportional to the amount of work done.

proposal

Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal 

that a special committee be set up 

to investigate the incident.

propose

Will you please propose me for your club?

prospect

There’s not much prospect of Mr Smith’s 

being elected as Congressman.

protest

According to the passage, players, in a game, 

may lie down on the ground as an act of protest.

provided

You may go, provided your work is done.

punch

The boy punched holes in the paper 

so it would fit in his notebook.

punctual

The ideal person is punctual 

and is considerate of other people's time.

purify

This salt has been purified for use in medicine.

pursue

More and more female students 

are pursuing science than before.

pursuit

Games like chess are rather intellectual pursuits.

puzzle

I saw a cartoon recently 

which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled 

as they sit around a conference table.

quake

In the past, 

making structures quake-resistant 

meant firm yet flexible materials, 

such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking.

qualification

The contract has several qualifications for both parties.

qualify

Merit aid has become so popular 

with middle-income families 

who don't qualify for need-based aid.

quest

If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, 

what then can be done through teaching that 

will aid the child in the quest for knowledge? 

questionnaire

Not all the questionnaires were returned.

quilt

She exhibited one of her patchwork

quilts at the local craft fair.

quiver

There was a slight quiver in his voice as he spoke.

rack

He had to rack his brains 

to solve that complicated problem.

radical

He made a radical mistake when he changed his job.

raid

There was a raid on a bank by armed mobs yesterday.

rail

Most products that arrive by rail 

or air use interstates for the last 

leg of the journey by vehicle.

rank

Would you rank this film among the best?

rare

Edison had rare powers as an inventor.

rarely

For the first time people 

will have a chance to get up close and personal 

with the type of African American woman they so rarely see.

rate

Her performance didn't rate high in the competition.

ratio

In his new study, 

Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms 

of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States 

were different from the ratios of European.

rational

The rational side of his character 

has always preponderated over the emotional.

raw 

The young man is a raw beginner.

react

Acids react with bases to form salts.

reaction

The energy released 

by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.

realistic

You should try to restrain your ambition and be more realistic.

realisation/realization

My dream will be realization in the near future.

realm

While much is known about what occurs during sleep, 

the precise function of sleep and its different stages 

remains largely in the realm of assumption. 

recall

I recall an incident in a handball game 

when a referee refused a player's request 

for a time out for a glove change 

because he did not considered them wet enough.

receipt

We acknowledge receipt of your letter of June 14th.

reception

There's a man at the reception desk 

who seems very angry and I think he means to make trouble.

recommendation

The government has agreed to implement 

the recommendation in the report.

recovery

Operations which left patients exhausted 

and in need of long periods of recovery time 

now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. 

reference

He has a good reference from his former employer.

reflect

I must reflect upon how to answer the question.

reflection

On due reflection I have decided to accept your offer.

refresh

Its makers say that should ensure 

you wake up feeling refreshed every morning.

regard

He is highly regarded in his community.

register

The thermometer registers 50 degrees.

registration

The man wants to know what to bring for registration.

regulate

This system can regulate the temperature of the room.

regulation

What regulation was issued 

by New York State concerning beverage containers?

relate

We must relate these principles with our everyday work.

relation

He is a distant relation of mine.

relative

My uncle is my nearest relative.

release

Accumulated energy under the earth 

must be released in one form or another, 

for example, an earthquake.

relief

To our relief, Geoffrey's illness proved not 

to be as serious as we had feared.

reluctance

The need of a dying patient for company 

shows his reluctance to part with his family.

reluctant

According to the author, 

a bachelor resists marriage chiefly 

because he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities.

rely

You can rely on him to assist you.

remarkable

The key to protecting these remarkable lands 

is connecting with the local community.

remedy

You can remedy bad eyesight by wearing glasses.

renew

They agreed to renew the lease for another year.

reputation

In many cases, identity theft not only causes 

the victims immediate financial losses 

but costs them a lot to restore their reputation.

rescue

The bank planed a rescue operation for the company.

resemble

Its redwood shell makes it resemble 

“a large party lantern” at night, according to one observer.

reservation

Most of these workers are American Indians living on reservations.

reserve

Would you like to reserve a table, sir?

resistance

Copper has less resistance to electricity than lead.

resistant

The researchers are already working 

with food companies keen to see 

if their products can be made resistant to bacterial 

attack through alterations to the food's structure.

resolve

The mystery of life could not be resolved. 

resource

Our historic concentration of policy attention 

and resources on young people cannot meet the new needs.

respectively

Nevertheless, children in both double-income 

and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable 

amounts of time interacting with their parents 

19 hours and 22 hours respectively.

respond

Would anyone care to respond to the last question? 

response

There has been very little response to our call for help.

responsibility

He has been disburdened of his responsibility as chairman.

responsible

The licensing authorities are partly responsible 

for teenagers driving accidents.

restraint

She told me without restraint all about her marriage life.

retire

The football player retired hurt.

reveal

It has been revealed 

that some government leaders abuse their authority 

and position to get illegal profits for themselves.

revenue

They help to increase the state governments revenue.

revise

A study was carried out by Britain's NCC 

to revise the guidelines set 

by the International Standards Organization.

revision

The law is in need of revision.

revolt

The violence in the movie revolted me.

rigid

We just need a tent supported on a rigid framework.

risk

He risked his life to save his dog.

rival

None of us can rival him in strength.

roar

His jokes made us all roar.

robust

What we need is a robust faith.

rotate

You can rotate the wheel with your hand.

rotten

Nothing was wasted, 

and we were never troubled by rotten food.

rouse

Being roused during a light phase means 

you are more likely to wake up energetic.

routine

Make exercise part of your daily routine.

sacrifice

The author concludes 

that historical changes would not happen 

without heroes making the necessary sacrifices.

sake 

For the sake of safety, 

you must keep all medicines away from children.

salary

According to the passage, before taking a job, 

a person should ask for the salary he hopes to get.

satisfy

I satisfied my employer that I had finished.

scale

Wash the fish and take off the scales with the knife.

scan

I scanned Time Magazine 

while waiting at the doctor's office.

scandal

Don't listen to scandals.

scarcely

She was scarcely five years old 

when she immigrated into the US with her parents.

scatter

The tourists scattered about the town.

scene

She doesn't like to make a scene before strangers.

scenery

The scenery for the play must have cost too much.

scholarship

This is a book that 

displays the considerable scholarship of its author.

schooling

Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent 

for each additional year of schooling.

scold 

The employer often scolded his men on the slightest excuse.

scope

Lack of time limited the scope of the course.

scrape

He pushed back his chair with a loud scrape.

screen

The film has been screened in the cinema.

screw

Turn the screw to the right and tighten it.

seemingly

Seemingly, we can do nothing to prevent this from happening.

segment

He is eating oranges in segments.

sequence

As you sleep you pass through a sequence of sleep states.

series

On which  channel is the TV series White Monkey?

session

When the children were 2, 

researchers videotaped them at home 

in free play sessions with both parents, 

recording all of their speech.

shabby

He played a shabby trick to be successful.

shallow

It is only shallow people who judge by appearances.

shame

When his teacher told his parents about his behavior, 

he felt great shame.

shed

When an enemy dies, no tear is shed.

sheer

The mountain rises sheer from the plain.

shift

An hour later they came off the night shift.

shiver

A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.

shortage

The total shortage was 500 tons.

sidewalk

He stepped on to the sidewalk from the bus.

significant

He gave her a significant look.

sincere

If they are not sincere 

and do not practise what they preach, 

their children may grow confused.

sketch

She sketched out the plots 

of her novels in an exercise book.

slam

In a fury he slammed the windows.

slap

If you touch me again I'll slap your face!

slavery

Judging from the passage, 

McGuire was a firm anti-capitalist 

demanding the elimination of wage slavery.

slide

There were lots of children on the slide.

slip

But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more 

could make things a lot worse—even dangerous.

smash

He heard the smash of breaking glass.

snap

She snapped instructions to the team. 

soar

Sadly, as spending on private gardens has soared, 

spending on public parks has generally declined. 

solar

But scientists now think that 

life could be even nearer in our own solar system.

solemn

She usually had a smile on her face, 

but now she looked solemn.

solicit

He solicited aid from his close friends.

solicitor

Have you been onto the solicitor yet?

solo

Have you ever flown solo?

solve

Obedience training doesn't solve all behavior problems, 

but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem.

solvent

They need the money to stay solvent.

sonar

I'm getting a strong response on the sonar.

soothe

A hot cloth pressed against your jaw 

will usually soothe a toothache.

sophisticated

She was a highly sophisticated and elegant woman.

sore 

The border dispute was a running sore 

in relations between the countries.

souvenir 

He brought back a cowboy hat as a souvenir of America.

spade

He is very frank, calling a spade a spade.

span

The stream was spanned by a narrow bridge.

spatial

One more issue specific to 3D applications 

is the number of spatial manipulation functions 

that can be performed.

spear

As they had brought a spear gun with them, 

they had plenty to eat.

specialist

Generalists will outdo specialists in management.

speciality/-lty

Your suggestion is not bad. 

I might reconfirm my specialty.

specialize/-ise

That doctor specializes in children’s illnesses.

specific

I don't think there's a specific rule about how to beat stress.

specifically 

Another way to protect your privacy 

while seeking employment online is to open 

up an email account specifically for your online job search.

spectacular

The banquet was spectacular，

with all manner of exotic dishes.

spectator

Many spectators watched the baseball game.

sphere

His work is little known outside the academic sphere.

spill

Take heed not to spill milk on the rug. 

spin

We took a spin around town.

spinach

Either you eat your spinach or you go without ice-cream.

spine

That strange noise sent shivers up and down my spine.

splash

She splashed cold water on to her face.

split

The local Conservative party is split down 

the middle on the matter of taxation.

spoil

The never ending quarrel among the visitors certainly 

spoiled their appetite for the banquet.

spokesperson

A spokesperson for Oxford said the university 

welcomes applications from students with disabilities.

sponsor

The exhibition was sponsored by the Society of Culture.

spontaneous

He found many lies are spontaneous 

responses to an unexpected demand,

such as: “Do you like my dress?”

spot

How did you spot those fifties were counterfeited?

spray

The goal was to let farmers 

precisely target pesticide spraying 

rather than rain poison on a whole field.

spur

A good horse often needs a good spur.

squad

Give my regards to the comrades in your squad.

squash

He lowered his voice 

and said with venom over his lemon squash.

squeeze

Squeeze out as much juice as you can.

squid

They are often active late at night, 

possibly matching this alert period 

to feed on fish or squid. 

stab

He stabbed him in the stomach.

stability

Human speech lacks the stability 

and permanence of the printed word.

stable

He is a very stable person.

stack

Help me stack up the plates and bowl, please.

stagnant

Under their stagnant respectability 

are whirlpools of evil and erotic passion.

staircase

Footsteps on the staircase interrupted his train of thought.

stain

The coffee stained his shirt brown.

staircase

Footsteps on the staircase interrupted his train of thought.

stake

GM acquired a 50 per cent stake in Saab.

stale

So many of my patients tell me 

that their lives used to have meaning, 

but that somewhere along the line things went stale.

stammer

It's cruel to make fun of people who stammer.

stance

Detailed information display is best accomplished 

by assuming a sovereign stance.

standpoint

From the standpoint of success, 

a good work ethic is no less important than an education.

starch

Starch yields a blue color in the presence of iodine.

stare

He stared at the word 

trying to remember what it meant.

stark

His actions were in stark contrast to his words.

startle

The least noise would startle the timid child.

starve

He would rather starve to death 

than shamelessly beg for his life.

statistic

A single death is a tragedy;

a million deaths is a statistic.

statistics

The statistics recorded in the preference tests 

show there is not much difference in taste 

between Coca-Cola and Pepsi.

status

They argued that the email had no signature 

and therefore no legal status.

statute

An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.

stereo

His car has the last word in stereo equipment.

stereotype

Even in the world of make-believe, 

black women still can't escape 

the stereotype of being eye-rolling, 

oversexed females raised by our never-married, 

alcoholic mothers.

sticky

My hair is sticky. I need a good long shower.

stiff

The play bored me stiff.

stimulate

John Dewey believed that 

education should be a preparation for life, 

that a person learns by doing, 

and that teaching must stimulate 

the curiosity and creativity of children.

sting

I felt the sting of the cold, bitter air.

stir

The rumours had stirred up his anger.

stock

Let them decide what product lines to stock.

stockpile

Adding to societal changes today 

is an enormous stockpile of information.

stool

He perched on a stool at the bar.

storage

They can help nerve cells handle information 

and put it into storage.

strain

I strained forward to get a better view.

strategy

One of the assumptions on which Frito Lay bases 

its development strategy is that consumers worldwide 

today are attracted by global brands.

strength

I haven’t the strength to lift this table.

stride

We are striding confidently towards the future.

string

Lights have been strung in the trees of the garden.

strip

The lieutenant was stripped of his rank.

stroke

The most common of the serious 

emergencies include heart trouble, strokes, 

and difficulty breathing.

stroll

The shops are only a ten-minute stroll away.

struggle

The struggle for independence was long and hard.

submarine

We must get familiar with submarine topography.

submit

He submitted that such measures were justified.

subsequent

The problem will be discussed 

at length in subsequent chapters.

substance

The claim has no substance.

subtle

His whole attitude had undergone a subtle change.

subtract

If you subtract 3 from 5, you get 2.

succession

Who is first in succession to the throne?

successive

They were looking for their fifth successive win.

suck

If you don't smile at 

the person you love first thing in the morning, 

you're sucking energy out of your relationship.

suffering

Any donation you can give 

will help us ease the suffering 

and isolation of the homeless this New Year.

sufficient

The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds 

on which to base his arguments 

in favour of the new theory. 

summarize/-ise

Which of the following titles 

best summarise the main idea of the passage?

summit

The summit is to be held on May 3.

superb

The cuisine is absolutely superb.

superficial

The resemblance between the breeds is superficial.

superintendent

For example, a school superintendent wishes 

to determine the proportion of children 

in a large school system.

superior

She felt socially superior to most of her neighbours

supplement

The handout is a supplement to the official manual.

supreme

It was the supreme moment in his life.

surgeon

A plastic surgeon successfully rebuilt his nose.

surplus

The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday 

and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes.

surrender

We have two alternative courses, surrender or death.

surround 

The main controversy surrounding speeding laws 

is the extent of their safety value.

surveillance

It is necessary to maintain surveillance on these meters.

survival

The old man is a survival of the past age.

survive

He survived his wife for many years.

survivor

Camps that provided health care, 

food and shelter for 150,000 survivors have begun to close.

suspect

Two men were arrested as suspects in the bombing.

sustain

None of the institutions believe they can sustain 

the risks of trying to break away by themselves.

sustainable

Our country is implementing 

a sustainable development strategy.

swear

Will you swear to the truth of your statement?

swell

The murmur swelled to a roar.

switch

There is a switch on the wall for turning on the lights.

symbolic

A language is a signaling system 

which operates with symbolic vocal sounds, 

and which is used by a group of people 

for the purpose of communication.

sympathetic

He was sympathetic to evolutionary ideas.

sympathy 

Secondly, it is not merely desirable 

but essential for a teacher 

to have a genuine capacity for sympathy, 

a capacity to understand the minds 

and feelings of other people.

symptom

Which of the following symptoms 

will distinguish the flu from a cold?

syndrome

The doctors were trying to 

study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome 

and the effects of eye surgery.

synthesis

We made a synthesis of their studies.

tackle

The policeman stopped the burglar with a flying tackle.

tanker

Heavy seas had pounded the tanker into three parts.

tedious

Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.

telescope

Buy $50 million worth of new telescopes right now.

temper

The manager lost his temper just 

because his secretary was ten minutes late.

tempo

Manchester United stepped up the tempo in the second half.

temptation

Unable to resist the temptation, 

many children turn their attention 

from printed texts to the less challenging, 

more vivid moving pictures.

tenant

For more than a century, 

landlords in California 

have been able to force tenants out.

tend

High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: 

outward from America.

tendency

One strength of the human condition 

is our tendency to give and receive support 

from one another under stressful circumstances.

tender

She cooked the meat for a long time 

so as to make it tender to eat.

tense

Throughout this long, tense election, 

everyone has focused on the presidential candidates 

and how they'll change America.

tension

The tension that exists among nations 

could certainly be lessened 

if misunderstanding and mistrust were removed.

terminal

He is in the terminal stage of cancer.

terrific

Oh, terrific. It looks perfect on you, and it's half-price.

territory

Mechanics is out of my territory.

texture

The instinct of your brain registers the word, apple, 

it recalls the shape, colour, 

taste, smell and texture of that food.

thanksgiving

They will celebrate it with thanksgiving, 

with festivity, with bonfires, and illuminations.

theft

Robert Ellis Smith believes identity 

theft is difficult to detect 

and one can hardly do anything to prevent it.

theme

The theme for tonight's talk is education.

thereafter

The huge waves swallowed the small boat 

and it sank shortly thereafter.

thereby

Therefore, I believe it is time 

we elevated the game to the level 

where it belongs thereby setting an example 

to the rest of the sporting world.

thesis

His MBA thesis was on marketing athletic shoes.

thigh

The water came up to the fisherman's thighs.

thorn

Every rose has its thorn.

thorough

He's a thorough rascal!

thoughtful

Older parents are more thoughtful, 

use less physical discipline 

and spend more time with their children.

thread

The child threaded the beads.

threaten

On the day before attack a rainstorm threatened.

thriller

Seeing the Great Wall was a real thriller.

thrive

Her parents thrived in the urban environment.

throne

He was the legal heir to the throne.

thunder

He thundered against the evils of the age.

tide

Time and tide wait for no man.

tile

The lobby was tiled in blue.

tired

Tired as he was, 

Peter tried to finish all the homework that day.

tolerance

Most of their remarks were kindly made

—with tolerance rather than bitterness.

tone

From the tone of the passage 

we know that the author is doubtful about 

the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safety. 

toss

Let's toss to see who pays it.

tow

The tug is towing three barges.

toxic

Great, I thought, organic lunch, toxic campus.

trademark

It had all the trademarks of a Mafia hit.

tradition

The story is based mainly on traditions.

tragic

You have my deepest sympathy at this tragic time.

trait

Creativity is a human trait.

transform

The coming of the railways in the 1830s 

transformed our society and economic life.

transmission

American football and baseball 

are becoming known to the British public 

through televised transmissions from the United States.

transparent

It's a transparent lie.

transportation

It can be inferred from the passage 

that the drop in Amtrak ridership was due to the fact 

that trains were not the fastest 

and most convenient form of transportation.

trap

The police set a trap to catch the thieves.

treaty

The government concluded 

a peace treaty with the rebels.

tremble

Isabel was trembling with excitement.

tremendous

The crew did a tremendous job.

trench

With visible equipment 

we'll be able to put a surgeon in every trench.

trend

Unemployment has been trending upwards.

tribe

It fell to the ground in an area where an African tribe lived.

trick

The children played a trick on their teacher.

trust

A good marriage is based on trust.

tub

The girl washed clothes in a tub.

tuition

He received tuition in painting for one year.

tune

Kids have finely tuned antennae for 

how to behave in different settings.

ultraviolet

Inferior light boxes will emit harmful ultraviolet lights.

uncover

Geological workers have spared

no pains to uncover the mineral resources.

undergo

After marrying late 

and undergoing years of fertility treatment, 

Marilyn Nolen and her husband Randy, had twins.

underline

In his speech he underlined several points.

undermine

Illness undermined his strength.

undoubtedly

The motorcar will undoubtedly 

change significantly over the next 30 years.

unexpected

The number of refereeing errors 

in the experimental matches was quite unexpected.

uniform

A modern newspaper is remarkable 

for all the following except its uniform style.

unique

Friendship appears to be a unique form of individual bonding.

unload

Mary began to unload her trouble onto her mother.

upright

The posts must be in an upright position.

uprising

The Autumn Harvest Uprising brought 

into being the workers and peasants armed forces.

uproar

Because of the terrific uproar 

the more cautious legislators 

were by degrees becoming fearful.

uproot

It is not easy to uproot 

deep-seated tendencies toward corruption.

upset

His past life upsets him a good deal.

up-to-date

They want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English.

usher

I have been an usher at a boarding-school myself.

utilize/-ise

The agents were able to utilize their full potential 

and experiences to build up the company.

vacant

The neighborhood boys like to 

play basketball on that vacant lot.

vain

Their flattery made him vain.

valve

The heart has valves to let blood flow in and out of it.

vanity

Her vanity was the spring of her unhappiness.

variant

There is a very powerful and useful 

variant of the resize handle: a vertex handle.

variation

If you are submitting your resume in English, 

find out if the recipient 

uses British English or American English 

because there are variations between the two versions.

variety

We all need variety in our diet.

varnish

A new coat of varnish was put on the floor.

vary

The hopes, goals, 

fears and desires vary widely between men and women, 

between the rich and the poor.

vault

The second unforgettable moment 

came five hours later at the pole vault pit.

vegetation

Unburnt vegetation rots quickly, 

but black carbon persists in the soil for many centuries.

velocity

The tank shot backwards at an incredible velocity.

velvet

The jungle spread beneath him in a green velvet nap.

venture

The directors of the company 

refused to undertake such a risky venture.

verse

He quotes a few verses 

from the British poet Tennyson in his paper. 

version

All of them had heard the simple instructions 

I have given just a few hours before, 

but they have three or four different versions.

vessel

It was thought a blood vessel 

in that finger led directly to the heart.

vest

Despite the heat, 

he wore a dark business suit complete with vest.

vibrate

Their hearts vibrated with the speaker’s stirring appeal.

vigorous

The president made a vigorous speech 

at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, 

which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.

vile

This accusation of bribery 

is a vile smear on an honourable citizen.

villain

Cholesterol is a major villain in this epidemic.

violence

Fox hunting opponents often interfere 

in the game by resorting to violence.

violent

It can be inferred from the passage 

that hunting foxes with dogs 

is considered cruel and violent. 

virtually

Italy was full of fine views 

and virtually empty of Scotch whiskey.

virtue

Patience is a virtue.

visible

The smoke from the fire was visible from the road.

vision

In the eyes of the author, 

a successful engineering student is expected 

to be a technical genius with a wide vision.

visualize

Users visualize the Undo facility in different ways, 

depending on the situation and their expectations.

vital

It is said in some parts of the world, 

goats, rather than cows, 

serve as a vital source of milk.

vivid

Unable to resist the temptation, 

many children turn their attention 

from printed texts to the less challenging, 

more vivid moving pictures.

vogue

Writing which is in vogue 

often has an electric immediacy. 

volatile

His character was weak and volatile. 

volley

From the left came a volley of fire 

as the enemy opened up.

vomit

The unpleasant smell made her sick 

and she began to vomit. 

waken

The noise wakened me.

walnut

Black walnut is extremely sensitive 

to damage from late spring frosts.

wander

My thought stated to wander. 

I remembered when I was South Korea.

wardrobe

The wardrobe is in the way.

waterproof

It can be inferred from the passage 

that the shell should be waterproof.

watt

A unit of power equal to one thousandth of a watt.

weaken

Stress will weaken the body's defense against germs.

wealthy

Fifty years ago, 

wealthy people liked hunting wild animals 

for fun more than going sightseeing.

wharf

He was the first man dawn the gangway 

and into the lone telephone booth on the wharf. 

whereas

It has about twenty different calls, 

whereas in human language 

the number of possible utterances is limitless.

whisk

To make meringues, 

you first take the whites of several eggs and whisk them up.

whisky

The distiller has aged all his whisky 

for more than ten years.

widespread

The phenomenon that today's children 

seem adult like is attributed by the author 

to the widespread influence of television.

wield

This is weighty work, 

which he cannot wield by himself.

wig

She disguised herself with a blonde wig and dark glasses.

wildlife

The need for wildlife protection 

is greater now than ever before.

willow

Brought up in town, 

the boy finds it difficult to separate a poplar from a willow.

witch

Some people believe that a witch can lay a ghost.

withdraw

He was forced to withdraw 

from the competition due to injury.

wither

She grows as a flower does

—she will wither without sun.

woe

If she went she had better go at once, 

to stay in London was only to prolong her woe.

wonder

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.

workforce

In Britain today women make up 44% of the workforce, 

and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.

worship

Don't talk while you are worshipping.

worth

I found this report worth reading 

and suggest every boss should read it for ideas.

worthwhile 

The smart buildings discussed in the passage 

would be worthwhile though costly.

wrap

Each apple was individually wrapped in paper.

wreck

The strong storm did a lot of damage 

to the coastal villagers: 

several fishing boats were wrecked 

and many houses collapsed.

wring

If I find the person who did this, 

I'll wring his neck!

yarn

The little girl tangled 

the yarn her mother was knitting.

yell

She yelled back at me to mind my own business.

yield

We learn from the second paragraph 

that the American oil industry believes that 

drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields.

yolk

Egg yolk serves as the emulsifying 

agent in salad dressing.

zinc

Zinc can be used to 

cover other metals to stop them rusting.

zip

Zip up your coat before going out.

新增词汇519词

abort

The shuttle developed a computer problem 

and the mission had to be aborted.

academician

We hope the famous academician 

will enjoy his stay and will visit us again.

accession

His accession to the important post was a big event.

accountability

There are demands for greater public accountability in the police service.

accountancy

It was the need to accommodate employees 

with young children that motivated accountancy firm 

to begin promoting teleworking recently.

accounting 

He likes accounting more than psychology.

accusation

The President is facing the accusations of bribery.

accustom

Bill is accustomed to sitting down and reading the paper 

or watching TV until the dinner is ready.

actuality 

The building looked as impressive in actuality as it did in magazines.

addictive

Many older adults find fitness programs socially enjoyable, 

physically beneficial, and occasionally addictive.

adherence

This kind of glue has some special，strong adherence capability.

administrate

The Navajo administrate their own territory within the United States.

admittance

He was denied admittance to the concert hall 

for not being properly dressed.

admittedly

This has led to financial losses, 

though admittedly on a fairly small scale.

advancement

He finds that advancement more often depends 

on how many people know you and your work, 

and how high up they are.

advantageous

A special purpose lane system is probably advantageous in 

that it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiency. 

adventurer

I dare say he will grow into an ambitious political adventurer.

adventurous

There aren't any good adventurous stories like the movies 

they made when I was young.

aerospace

But in March 2001，

the Russian Aerospace Agency 

brought Mir down into the Pacific Ocean. 

aesthetics

Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy 

concerned with the study of the concept of beauty.

affix

The destruction of our natural resources 

and contamination of our food supply continue occur, 

largely because of the extreme difficulty 

in affixing legal responsibility on those 

who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon.

affordable

When the costs of getting a divorce become affordable, 

most couples would be departed with each other. 

airborne

Sometimes airborne operation 

may be taken into consideration.

ale

Our selection of ales and spirits are various.

allegedly

He was allegedly a leading participant in the coup attempt.

allotment

His meager allotment of gas had to be saved for emergencies.

aloft

She held her glass aloft.

ambiguity 

To remove any ambiguity 

we have to acquire more accurate information.

anew

Her career had begun anew, 

with a lucrative Japanese modeling contract.

animate

They showed us some party photos of animate socialites.

animated 

Japanese children are used to friendly robots in their comics, 

in toys, and in TV animated cartoons. 

annoyance

Openly displaying annoyance or anger, 

yelling, arguing loudly and so forth 

is considered ill-mannered in some countries.

antibiotic

In the 1950s, 

the introduction of antibiotics 

strengthened the trend in rich countries.

appalling

They had to wait for hours in the most appalling weather.

appraise

There is a need to appraise existing techniques.

appropriation

Due to the heavy loss in the earthquake, 

additional appropriation shall be made by the government.

arrogance

His level of arrogance is likely 

to lead to conflicts with teachers.

artful

That man used artful means to find out secrets.

artifact

Explosive artifacts are not allowed to take to any vehicles.

assassin

He might be the next target of assassins.

assassinate

He was executed in 1887 for plotting to assassinate the tsar.

assertive

The use of assertive language by young Japanese women 

is one of their strategies to compete 

in a male-dominated society.

athletic 

And how does it compare with the other, 

seemingly perpetual health scares we confront, 

like panic over lead in synthetic athletic fields?

atmospheric

We shall pay attention 

to atmospheric conditions such as fog, snow, rain.

attributable

Rising in unemployment is partly 

attributable to a flight of money abroad.

authenticity

Some journalists have cast doubt 

on the authenticity of the official version of events.

availability 

All holiday bookings are subject to availability.

avoidance

The work of art is judged 

on the basis of its avoidance of political 

and social issues of minor importance.

banknote

The word banknote is also spelled bank note.

bankruptcy 

Millions of Americans live in fear 

that a major health problem can reduce them to bankruptcy.

battalion

The battalion is a large group of soldiers 

that consists of six companies.

behavioral

The “overtraining syndrome ” 

is the name given to the collection of emotional, 

behavioral, and physical symptoms. 

beneficiary

When will I become the beneficiary of the insurance?

bilingual

The town is virtually bilingual in Dutch and German.

billboard

Nowadays the advertisement flashes to us 

from the road-side billboards all day.

billionaire

It may be the secret 

how he became a billionaire at one sweep.

binder

He has served as a binder 

in the printing house for almost two decades.

biomedical

Biomedical science relates to both biology and medicine.

bloc

There is a substantial divergence of opinion 

with the parliamentary bloc.

blueprint

Many city planning blueprints can be found nowhere.

boastful

He was so boastful that he always looked down upon others.

bodily

Pay more attention to bodily sensations.

bottomless

There isn't a bottomless pit of money for public spending.

boyhood

Those pictures reminded 

the old man of his long-lost boyhood.

breakage

There had been three breakages in the overhead wires.

brewery

The brewery was on the edge of bankruptcy.

bribery

His opponent had been guilty of bribery and corruption.

briefing

This briefing explains the systems, products, and standards.

brighten

The new teacher brightened the life of all his pupils.

broadband

The benefits of broadband to the occasional home worker 

are that they can access email in real time.

broker

You can draw money out of a bank 

and invest it at a broker's office.

brotherly

I expected a man to show his brotherly love more than any time.

brutality

The book recorded the brutalities 

committed by the former regime.

burdensome

You shouldn't be so burdensome if the current hinders 

you in the water while trying to swim.

bureaucrat

The word bureaucrat is derived from a French word.

calculation

After much calculation, 

they decided to give Phil the position of manager.

calling

He was a consultant physician,

a serious man dedicated to his calling.

carefree

He still cherishes the memory of his carefree childhood spent in 

that small wooden house of his grandparents.

caring

He is caring,he always displays kindness and concern for others.

casino

I've never thought a man like him would frequent casinos.

celebrity

Nobody reading this book could fail to identify 

the reason for her celebrity.

cellular

Nowadays many people think 

they can't do without a cellular phone.

censorship

The government has imposed strict censorship on the press.

centralization

The centralization of a country or organization 

means to create a system in which one central authority 

gives instructions to regional groups.

certification

They have been given a certification stating 

that they have successfully completed 

a course of training in their profession.

charitable

Nurseries were established in various areas 

and most of them were charitable.

chronicle

History chronicles important events of the past.

civic

He was active in the civic life of Swindon.

clarification

The whole issue needs clarification.

classified

He has a security clearance 

that allows him access to classified information.

clear-cut

The situation wasn't as clear-cut as he'd have liked.

clearing

And rainforests easily regrow after small-scale clearing.

coexistence

The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 

is a fundamental criterion for solving this issue.

cohesion

The most important thing is more cohesion 

within the party to win the next general election.

colonize

It will be too unrealistic as to suggest that 

we colonize other planet within the near future.

commercialism 

With success has also come criticism 

about the rampant commercialism of the games.

companionship

She had only her cat for companionship.

compassionate 

The little girl wandering in the street was so compassionate.

complexity

This passage is about an insight 

to the complexity of human intelligence.

conceited

He became conceited after only modest success.

concurrently

Three art fairs around the city can not be held concurrently.

condemnation

There's been no official condemnation of the bombing.

condolence

I paid condolence calls on the two families on the same afternoon.

condom

Wrap the condom in a tissue and place it in a bin, 

do not flush it down the toilet.

confederation

The Confederation of British Industry wants even more expansion.

conformity

The goods were in conformity with the contract.

confrontation

In fact, they often keep their differences of opinion 

to themselves and merely smile and remain silent 

rather than engage in a confrontation.

Confucianism

The Indonesia Confucianism, 

originated from China, 

is a special religion and cultural identity 

mark for the native Chinese in Indonesia.

congressman

Joe Barton, 

a Republican congressman and global-warming sceptic, 

says it will put the American economy in a straitjacket.

conqueror

One day, Alexander the Great, 

conqueror of half the civilized world, 

saw Diogenes sitting in this tub in the sunshine.

constitutional

This law was declared not constitutional 

by the Supreme Court on the grounds that 

the taxes were being collected 

to pay one special group of people.

constrict

The fear and the reality of crime constrict many people's lives.

consultancy

We are a training consultancy.

consultative

We need to set up a consultative committee 

to advise us on the problem.

continuance

His interests encouraged him to favour the continuance of war.

convertible

She thinks that he should buy a convertible.

cornerstone

Wage control is the cornerstone of the government's economic policy.

correlation

Research showed a clear correlation 

between recession and levels of property crime.

cosmetic

Lens designs can improve the cosmetic effect of your glasses.

council(l)or

Let's now turn to Councillor Moore's questions 

about the provision of services for the elderly.

counterclockwise

Push down the cap and twist it counterclockwise.

courageous

It was courageous of you to challenge the manager's decision.

coworker

A coworker named Janet is assigned 

to train Jessica on the office computer system.

crackdown

They're having a crackdown 

on private phone calls from the office.

crowning

Traditional English May Day rites 

and celebrations include Morris dancing, 

crowning a May Queen, 

celebrating Green Man day and dancing around a Maypole.

cubic

Living space on this planet 

is figured not only in square measure of surface 

but also in cubic volume above the earth.

cultivation

Many environmentalists believe 

that the large-scale cultivation of hemp 

could reduce the pressure on Canada's forests.

curfew

The whole area was immediately placed under curfew.

daring

We shall learn the daring of the paratroops.

debris

After the bombing there was a lot of debris everywhere.

decentralize/-ise

The decentralized responsibility for education 

in the United States requires reforms to be tailored.

decidedly

He looked decidedly uncomfortable.

dedication

She worked with great dedication to find a cure for the disease.

deduction

The dividend will be paid without deduction of tax.

deductive

The application of law mainly 

uses deductive inference or syllogistic inference.

defection

He has a sudden defection of courage.

defective

We learn from the passage that 

animal clones are likely to have defective organs.

deficient

Some were treated as mentally deficient.

delicacy

The typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy.

derail

The plot is seen by some as an attempt to derail the negotiations.

deplore

He deplored his child's lack of inventiveness.

deploy

The surprising thing about it is that 

we do not deploy it against other animals.

deregulation

In just a few short years, 

globalization has started 

a variety of trends with profound consequences, 

such as widespread deregulation of industry. 

desirability

Lincoln objected their views 

on the desirability of maintaining two distinct worlds of race.

desirous

The pope was desirous of peace in Europe.

detention

Teachers were divided 

as to the effectiveness of detention.

deterioration

How to put an end 

to the current tendency of quality deterioration 

shall be considered seriously.

dictator

For years, the people of that faraway country 

have been cruelly oppressed by a dictator.

diagnosis

The doctors are studying tears for clues 

to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes.

dietary

The dietary influence, 

powerful in so many respects, 

counted also in political life.

digestive

The risk of cancer in the digestive system 

may be more of a dietary problem than a weight problem.

disciplinary

A soldier will face disciplinary action 

after going absent without leave.

disciplined

Our military forces are committed to peace 

and disciplined in self-restraint.

disclosure

The disclosure that he had been in prison 

ruined his chance for public office.

discontent

To him, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent.

disjointed

The film was so disjointed that 

I couldn't tell you what the story was about.

dismissal

So 11 years after dismissal from school, 

young Albert Einstein published 《The Theory of Relativity》.

distinguishable

The animal is easily distinguishable 

by the black stripes above its eye.

distracted

One group was left distracted while the other 

had to engage in a conversation using a speakerphone.

dogged

I was quite impressed by her dogged determination to succeed.

dogma

He conquered the old code and the old dogma.

dominance

The firm soon achieved complete dominance in the marketplace.

domination

The company has struggled to maintain 

its domination in the marketplace.

double-decker

Sitting upstairs on a double-decker 

can reduce exposure to polluted air.

downside 

Stocks were downside last week.

dreamy

The misty scene had a dreamy quality about it.

driveway

He shut off the engine 

and the car coasted into the driveway.

dweller

Yet city dwellers compensate 

by developing friendships with people 

who share similar interests and activities.

ecological

We must get ready for ecological changes.

ecosystem 

We must pay attention to global warming 

and human interference with natural ecosystems.

elasticity

The firm has no exact way to judge accurately 

the demand elasticity for its many products.

electoral

Many people would like the electoral system to be reformed 

but I don't believe this will come to pass.

emancipate

This new machine will emancipate us 

from the hard work we once had to do.

emigrant

The emigrant found his livelihood almost immediately on arrival.

emission

The hotel's lower energy needs 

have reduced its annual carbon emissions.

endanger

Any preserves we set up 

to protect endangered species may become useless.

endorse

Please endorse the cheque.

enforcement

Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, 

stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement.

enrollment

Enrollment kept decreasing in virtually 

all American colleges and universities.

entrust

I've been entrusted with the task of getting him safely back.

eradicate

This disease has been eradicated from the world.

evenly

But nowadays income is not being distributed more and more evenly.

exemplary 

Italians, Romanians and members of other 

so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans.

exhaustion

We have to face the problem of 

the rapid exhaustion of fossil fuel reserves.

expectancy

They waited with an air of expectancy.

explanatory

There are some explanatory notes at the end of the chapter.

falsehood

The power of self-honoring can help to break 

all the falsehoods you were programmed to believe.

fascist

Fascism was discredited by the total defeat 

of the Fascist states in World War II.

fatality

The fatality of certain diseases shall be paid more attention.

feasibility

To prove the feasibility of large-scale space ventures, 

scientists will send human missions to Mars.

filling

I had to have two fillings at the dentist's today.

forcibly

He complained that he's been forcibly held 

by the police without good reason.

foresight

If you had had more foresight, 

you would have saved yourself a lot of trouble.

foretell

Ancient people were better at foretelling the weather.

formality

There's no time for formality in everyday life.

fright

I jumped up in fright.

funding

Scientist have to adapt their research to “economic needs” 

in order to obtain funding from the government.

gadget

Punishing people for using hand-held gadgets 

while driving is difficult enough, 

even though they can be seen from outside the car.

generosity

She showed her generosity towards people inferior to her.

globalize/-ise

The labour market is getting globalised.

glossary

He put a tick beside each word in the glossary 

that he have learn by heart.

gorge

Winding along at the bottom of the gorge 

is a dangerously narrow wheel-road, 

occupying the bed of a former torrent.

granted

Granted that this is true, what conclusion can you reach?

grid

Our lives have been planned along a road grid.

gruel

Even now, the memory of how he first drank the gruel

 is still fresh in my mind.

guilt

Over the guilt of the steel-casting factory 

on the western edge of town, 

over union jobs versus children's health and over what, 

if anything, ought to be done.

gunfire

The sound of gunfire echoed into the night.

hairy

East Indian shrub often cultivated 

for its hairy leaves and orange-red flowers.

handicraft

There are many traditional Chinese handicrafts on sale here.

handset

Separate earpieces, 

linked to the handset by a Bluetooth radio link, 

are already growing in popularity.

harmonious

The more emotionally mature a couple are, 

the more harmonious they will live.

hazardous

The machines contain high levels of lead 

and other hazardous substances.

hesitant

He has rather a hesitant manner, 

as though he's slightly unsure of himself.

hibernate

The turtle hibernates in a shallow 

burrow for six months of the year.

hierarchical

The company's structure is rigidly hierarchical.

hive

The construction site was a hive of activity.

holly

She twined holly into wreaths.

homosexual

He came out as a homosexual after his mother died.

honorary

He was elected an honorary 

fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons.

hormone 

The most sensitive test inoles 

checking the alue of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) 

secreted by the pituitary gland.

hotly

The rumours were hotly denied.

humane

The elderly, being financially underprivileged, 

need humane help from society.

humanism

This is an organization full of humanism.

humanist

The author thinks that humanism has already appeared 

and that Geoffrey Chaucer is a famous humanist of Britain.

humanitarian

Both countries say their intervention is purely humanitarian.

icon

They found an icon in the monastery.

ideological

Second, building a socialist civilization

with a high cultural and ideological level.

illicit

They were prosecuted for illicit liquor selling.

illiterate

It is estimated that 880 million adults 

around the world are illiterate.

immunize/immunise

The vaccine is used to immunize children against measles.

imperialism

As Lenin pointed out,imperialism means war.

imperialist

They wished to break free from imperialist powers.

impractical

When this is impractical you can at least 

make sure that you have a drink of water.

imprison

He was imprisoned three times for his activities.

impromptu

I quite by chance got drawn into 

a kind of impromptu party downstairs.

inborn

For ordinary people intelligence is something inborn and fixed.

incompatible

Being impatient is incompatible with being a good teacher.

incompetence

In those days, 

executives expected to spend 

most of their lives in the same firm and, 

unless they were dismissed for incompetence, 

to retire at the age of 65.

incomprehensive

Without Tibet's modernization,

the motherland's modernization 

would be incomplete and incomprehensive.

inconsistency

The script is filled with logical inconsistencies.

induction

While induction into this society is an accolade 

that most serious high school students 

would like to obtain.

inductive

Why we need an inductive heating machine?

infinity

It is impossible to count up to infinity.

infringe

Their legal rights were being infringed.

institutional

This new NSF network attracted more 

and more institutional users.

insurgency

NATO officials say the death of Dadullah 

is a “serious blow” to the Taleban.

insurgent

This is an attack by armed insurgents.

interactive

Using this “interactive leadership” approach, 

women were encouraged to participate.

intermediary

They disliked each other too much to meet, 

so they conducted all their business through an intermediary.

interrogation

The interrogation was conducted by senior police officers.

interwoven

Wordsworth's political ideas are often interwoven 

with his philosophical and religious beliefs.

intolerance

The town began to show increasing intolerance of immigrants.

intolerant 

The manager is intolerant of fools.

investigator

The German authorities are sending investigators 

to discover the cause of the plane crash.

investor

My nephew is a cautious investor.

irrational

They have found it irrational to remain childless.

irregular

It would be highly irregular 

for a police officer to accept money in this way.

isolation

The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.

jealousy

He is burning with jealousy.

jelly

Pectin sets jelly.

jigsaw 

Jigsaw puzzles are a good brain exercise.

judiciary

The federal judiciary is hierarchical.

kilowatt

They pay thirty fen per kilowatt hour.

landmark

Scenes of natural beauty and important landmarks 

have been spoiled by explorers.

landmine

The war ends, the landmine goes on killing.

lawful

If he has been a lawful permanent resident for three years or more, 

he is eligible to become a citizen now.

lawsuit

Recently a group of black parents 

filed a lawsuit in California claiming that 

the state's IQ testing discriminates against their children.

layoff

As corporate layoffs increased, the economy became worse.

leftist

They decided to vote for leftist political candidates.

legalization

In recent years, a movement for legalization 

has been gathering strength.

legislative

Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.

legislator

Legislators are acting to pass a law 

to provide better privacy protection.

lesbian

Lesbian marriages approved by Taipei Mayor.

liaison

We maintained a close liaison with the trade union.

lightweight

He is a lightweight intellect.

lipstick

Before applying lipstick, 

use a lip salve, transparent and protective factor. 

livelihood

Experts in specific trades 

had developed their own techniques 

and guarded their knowledge to prevent others 

from stealing their livelihood.

locust

Locust had stripped the leaves off the trees.

lordship

Love and lordship like no fellowship.

makeup

It all depends on developmental issues, maturity, 

and the psychological and emotional makeup of that child.

malicious

He gave a faintly malicious smile at her furious expression.

malpractice

He was unable to alert his students to corporate malpractice.

managerial

She was promoted into some kind of managerial job.

manhood

The transition from childhood to manhood 

is often a difficult time for a young man.

martyr

If he dies, he will become a martyr.

masterful

The violinist gave a masterful performance.

mastermind

He masterminded a number of terrorist attacks.

mastery

In addition to their mastery of forging passports, 

at least three of the 19 Sept. 11 hijackers 

were here on expired visas.

maternity

One of the triggers was 

when one of our tax managers returned from maternity leave.

maturity

Cloning techniques still have a long way 

to go before reaching maturity.

maximize/-ise

They want to maximize their incomes.

measurable

There's been a measurable improvement in his work.

mechanics

Some women are uninterested in repairing cars, yes, 

but some are enthusiastic with mechanics.

mediator

He always take the role of a mediator in any dispute.

Medicare

A recent study analyzed the providers 

who treat Medicare beneficiaries.

memorandum

The two countries signed a memorandum 

of understanding on economic cooperation.

merger

If the merger goes through, thousands of jobs will be lost.

methodology

We shall use appropriate methodology 

in examining aggressive behavior.

midwife

These are the revolutions midwifed 

by new technologies of communication.

milestone

The switch to an information 

based economy is a great historical milestone.

militia

There's a building guarded 

by the local militia at the corner of the street.

milky

They just talk that way to make you turn milky.

ministerial

He was a back-bencher who had never held ministerial office.

misguide

This is a long survey that can only baffle 

and misguide the general reader.

moderator

Egypt managed to assert its role as a regional moderator.

momentary

He has a momentary lapse of concentration.

motherhood

Motherhood doesn't suit her; she shouldn't have had children.

mountainous

In mountainous regions, 

much of the snow that falls is compacted into ice.

multicultural

This country has previously witnessed two great struggles 

to achieve a truly multicultural democracy.

multilateral

Multilateral negotiations are necessary.

multinational

An American multinational company has announced 

its involvement in projects in several African countries.

nationalism

Nationalism is a positive thing.

nationalist

The speech aroused nationalist fervour.

neglectful

Some boys are neglectful of their appearance.

negotiable

Such walkways must be accessible and negotiable for all users.

neutralize/-ise

Discarded acid should be neutralized with alkali before disposal.

nominee

Mark is the nominee for Treasurer.

nonprofit

According to Child Trends, a nonprofit research group, 

between 1980 and 2003 death rates 

dropped by 44 percent for children aged 5 to 14.

normalize/-ise

Relations between our two countries have normalized.

noteworthy

It is noteworthy that no one at the Bank 

has accepted responsibility for the failure. 

obedience

Parents complained that children did not 

show them proper respect and obedience.

obese

Children of obese mothers are much more likely 

to become obese themselves later in life.

obesity

Effects of obesity on people's health are obvious.

occupational

This is an occupational area.

omelette

You can't make an omelette without breaking eggs.

omission

There are glaring omissions in the report.

onset

His first hit record marked the onset of an astonishing career. 

onward

She stumbled onward.

operative 

The new system will not become fully operative until next year.

opinionated

He is too opinionated to listen to anyone else.

opium

Opium is narcotic drug.

optic

Fiber optic cables can carry 

hundreds of telephone conversations simultaneously.

oracle

In times of difficulty, she pray for an oracle to guide her.

outdate

The idea that English will become the world language is outdated.

outflow

Capital outflow took place on a very large scale.

outgoing

He is an outgoing and lively person.

outpost

Some soldiers waited at an outpost deep in the forest.

outreach

F. W. Woolworth was the first businessman 

to erect a true skyscraper to commemorate himself, 

and in 1929, Smith, a former governor of New York, 

sought to outreach him.

oversee

He happened to oversee the burglar leaving the premises.

oversight

We shall have effective oversight of the financial reporting process.

overstate

The trouble comes when researchers overstate the case for causality.

overtime

They are working overtime to finish the work.

parachute

Please release the parachute when there is an emergency.

parental

With Internet and cable news, 

every missing child case gets 

so much airtime that it's not surprising 

even normal parental anxiety can be amplified.

parliamentary

He intimated his intention to seek parliamentary approval 

for the use of the royal dispensing power.

passerby

He was so absorbed in thought that he ran against a passerby.

peculiarity

The area has a few local peculiarities.

pensioner

The pensioners, particularly elderly women, 

make up a large proportion of those living alone.

persecution

Enduring persecution, they sacrificed all for their freedom.

persuasive

Most industries relied on “persuasive salesmanship” 

to sell as much of these goods as possible.

pervasive

The accelerated pace of technological change 

has produced a pervasive demand for continuous innovation.

petitioner

The petitioner ask for a variation in her maintenance order.

petrochemical

The petrochemical industry is quite important in that country.

phoenix

She started a new business in phoenix not long ago.

pipeline

The pipeline supplies Jordan with 15 percent of its crude oil.

planetary

A planetary scientist at NASA believes that in 50 years 

we may find evidence of alien life in the space.

plaza 

You can meditate in the Plaza of Water 

while gazing at eight tanks of rare fish.

pollutant

Our air quality now suffers from the effects 

of pollutants emitted directly from our cars.

polytechnic

This is a polytechnic twist device.

populate

Some areas, due to their severe weather conditions, 

are hardly populated.

portfolio

A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets.

prediction

In fact, I believe that there may be some truths 

in the predictions this time around.

preservation

The old building is in a good state 

of preservation except for the wooden floors.

presidential

The presidential candidate consolidated his position 

by winning several primary elections.

presumption

We have learned much 

about the foolish idea of excluding people 

on the presumption of the ethnic inferiority.

privileged

I am very privileged and gratified to talk to you today.

problematic（al）

What makes the second premise problematic 

is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison.

prosecution

The Smiths brought a prosecution against the organizers.

provincial

Any important experiment, 

though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, 

is at once reported in the newspapers.

publicize/-ise

Millions have started smoking 

even though the considerable health risks of smoking 

have been well known and publicized for years.

punctuality

Our boss urged on us the significance of punctuality.

punctuate

The professor punctuated his lecture with a few well-chosen jokes.

racecourse

This year marks the 150th anniversary of horse racing 

at Royal Randwick racecourse, in Sydney, Australia.

reactionary

These are reactionary publications.

realism

What gives Emma its power to move us is the realism 

and depth of feeling behind Jane Austen's attitudes.

rebound

As the economy rebounds, the number of marriages also rises.

receptor

She says they expect to load a single fingernail-sized chip 

with thousands of odor receptors.

recount

The two embraced and shed many tears,

recounting stories told to them about their parents.

recruitment

For the small business, 

there are additional benefits too 

— staff are more productive, and happier, 

enabling firms to keep their headcounts 

and their recruitment costs to a minimum.

recyclable

Glass products are completely recyclable.

refinery

Refinery workers and petroleum equipment 

manufacturing employees are being laid off.

regulatory

To make good food and water supplies even better, 

the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards.

rehearse

They have rehearsed the dance many times 

for the better effect before they perform in the theatre.

reminiscence

His story made me smile in reminiscence.

renewable

If I can rephrase what I've just said, 

I think our resources are not renewable.

renowned

Britain is renowned for its love of animals.

repressive

Parliament condemned the repressive measures 

taken by the police.

rescuer

The only hope is that the rescuer 

is getting nearer sustain the trap miner.

resentment

She felt all her old resentment flaring up.

reshuffle

He was brought into the government in the last reshuffle.

resignation

Professor George Lodge's critical 

towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders.

resourceful

But their own kids seem different, less resourceful.

respectable

The old gentleman was a very respectable looking person, 

with grey hair and gold spectacles.

respectful

From my first day, 

I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me.

respondent

Many respondents rate women with golden hair 

as less intelligent than other people 

and red hair as more temperamental.

responsive

Babies begin to be responsive 

to sounds three months after they are born.

restoration

The non-acceptance of the new flavor 

by a significant portion of the public 

brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke.

restructure

After his accident, he had to restructure his life.

retailer

He is arguing that fees of up to $30 

will drive consumers to online, out of state retailers.

retrieval

The investigation was completed 

after the retrieval of plane wreckage.

retrospective

This is a retrospective review of an artist's work.

reversible

Life preservers must be simple in design and reversible.

revert

After his death the house was reverted to its original owner.

robbery

The bank is offering a reward to anyone 

who can give information about the robbery.

rooster

The characteristic cry of a rooster early in the morning.

roughly

This is a long slope—roughly 13 miles 

down a beautiful valley to the little church below.

routinely

Only about 15 percent car thefts result in an arrest, 

because few police departments routinely 

conduct in depth auto investigations.

sabotage

The fire at the factory was caused by sabotage.

sarcasm

There was an edge of sarcasm in her voice.

SARS

Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS 

and Application of DNA Microarray on SARS Detection.

saxophone

A saxophone moaned in the background. 

scarcity

Diamonds have little intrinsic value 

and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.

scenario

Medical students aren't blind to this scenario.

scholarly

She was a scholarly woman who had specialized 

in Italian literature at university.

secrecy

A blanket of secrecy surrounded the tribunals.

secular

We live in an increasingly secular society.

segregation

Partitions provide a segregation between the smoking 

and non-smoking areas of the canteen.

seniority

Should promotion be through merit or seniority?

sensational

She is fond of making sensational news.

sensitivity

Diesel generator governor sensitivity test.

sensual

A glutton derives sensual pleasures from eating.

sexy

Sexy books shall be prohibited among the youngsters.

shaky

This is a cracked, dangerously shaky table.

shareholder 

Shareholders will be voting on the merger of the companies.

sideline

He decided to turn his hobby into a lucrative sideline.

signpost

We drove past a signpost I couldn't read.

simplification

He made a number of simplifications in the taxation system.

simplistic

A stereotype is a simplistic or exaggerated image 

that human carries in their minds about groups of people.

situate

They buy a house that is situated in an area 

where house are cheaper.

sizable

The prosperity of this country has derived 

from sizable investments in education.

skyline

A medieval castle stands against the skyline.

snapshot

This excellent book can only 

be a snapshot of a complex industry. 

sneaker

Don't trust that sneaker.

socialise/-ize

She's got lots of friends: she likes to socialize.

sociologist

He is a famous sociologist.

solemnity

The monument was unveiled with great solemnity.

sovereignty

The treaty gave Edward III sovereignty 

over Calais and the whole of Aquitaine.

specialization

There has been increased 

economic specialization throughout the country.

speculation

Your speculations were all quite close to the truth.

speculative

Speculative geometry is quite difficult for me.

spinal

He suffered from spinal injuries.

standby

If the electricity fails, 

the hospital has a standby power apparatus.

standoff

The political standoff ended when the army took over.

stipulate

The ADA also stipulates 

that companies offering telephone service 

to the general public must offer relay services to individuals.

stockholder

He is a major stockholder in the company.

stopwatch

Please prepare a stopwatch to record every runner's time.

stricken

Supplies of food and medicine were rushed to the stricken city.

submission

I demand the submission of the signature to an expert.

subscriber

Write away now for the free album 

offered to every new subscriber.

subscription

They adopted the resolution that the subscription be raised.

subsistence

Rights of occupation normally only continue 

during the subsistence of the marriage.

substantive

There is no substantive evidence 

for the efficacy of these drugs.

supervisor

But my supervisor said I should do more research 

if I want to achieve the quality that he expects of me.

supportive

The staff are extremely supportive of each other.

surgical

Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily 

toward medical or surgical procedures.

symmetrical

The symmetrical design of this church makes it very beautiful.

taboo

Alcohol is （a） taboo in this tribe.

tactful

They need a tactful word of advice.

takeoff

The airline has requested more takeoff and landing at the airport.

telecom

Internet-based telecoms, or VoIP（Voice over IP), 

to give it its technical title, 

is an interesting tool to any business supporting remote working.

temporal

The word is a temporal conjunction.

termination

You are required to give the company six weeks 

notice of termination of employment.

terrorism

Unfortunately, few of us have much experience 

dealing with the threat of terrorism.

terrorist

The terrorists are threatening to blow up the hijacked airliner.

transcontinental

I wish I could make a transcontinental trip by Grey Hound bus.

transcribe

His largest early work was transcribed for organ.

tribunal

The rent tribunal reduced my rent.

trillion

And the National Science Foundation predicts 

the total will soar to $ 1 trillion by 2015.

truthful

I flatter myself, as I have said, that I am a truthful man.

turbulence

The turbulence caused the plane to turn over.

turnout

The concert attracted a large turnout.

tutorial

All undergraduates reading English 

attend a tutorial group each week.

ulcer

My mouth has an ulcer.

unbutton

She unbuttoned her coat.

unconditional

The victorious army demanded unconditional surrender. 

underdeveloped

The people in that remote area still live in poverty 

because the economy there is underdeveloped.

underscore

You should underscore written matter 

with a single line to indicate italics.

underway

There are several projects underway 

to commercialize space travel.

undutiful

Mrs Brown said that her son is very undutiful.

unification

If unification is sought on the opposite basis, 

the country will perish.

unilateral

They will take unilateral action.

unlawful

He was arrested for the unlawful possession of firearms.

unprecedented

Foreign students are facing unprecedented delays, 

as visa applications receive closer scrutiny than ever.

unsettle

The crisis has unsettled financial markets.

unveil

The European Union unveiled a plan to cut energy use 

across the Continent by 20 percent by 2020.

unworkable

All these machines are unworkable 

if there is no sufficient power supply.

upcoming

We shall be attending the upcoming concert.

upfront

He'd been upfront about his intentions.

upside

We may have been looking at 

all those surveys and statistics upside down.

urgency

During the conference the speaker tried to draw 

attention to the urgency of a favorable decision.

utilization

His argument does not suggest that 

mankind can afford to be wasteful 

in the utilization of these resources.

Utopia

I only wish you could have Utopia 

and create good art as well.

vacancy

Sue was given the first promotion when there came a vacancy.

vaccinate

A large proportion of children in this school 

have been vaccinated for flu.

vaccine

Finding a vaccine for plasmodium has been an elusive goal.

validate

In order to validate the agreement, both parties sign it.

validity

Since December neighborhood activists 

and various parent-teacher associations 

have engaged in a fierce battle over its validity.

vanilla

He loves vanilla ice-cream.

venerable

He is a venerable statesman.

venue

The river could soon be the venue 

for a powerboat world championship event.

victorious

She shook hands with her victorious opponent.

virtuous

She considered herself very virtuous 

because she never talked with others.

visibility

Visibility was down to 15 yards due to the heavy fog.

visionary

This is a visionary scheme for the future.

voucher

Companies could also reduce prices for those 

who stayed to eat food on their premises, 

offer money-off vouchers or other incentive 

for those who returned packaging.

vow

He vowed that his government 

would not tolerate a repeat of the disorder.

wasteful

His argument does not suggest 

that mankind can afford to be wasteful 

in the utilization of these resources.

wasteland

They decided to start opening up the wasteland tomorrow.

watchdog

This is a consumer watchdog for transport.

weightlifting

Is weightlifting an ancient sport?

well-being

In some religious groups, 

fatness is a sign of wealth and well-being.

well-off

When I'm well-off I'll buy a Jaguar.

wholeness

It is in the wholeness that one remembers the truth.

wholesale

This kind of research could lead to wholesale creation 

and destruction of human embryos.

wording

For a full hour they argued over the wording of the editorial.

wreckage

Firemen had to cut him free from the wreckage of the car.

Yankee

You are a freakish Yankee.

zigzag

She traced a zigzag on the metal with her finger.

zoological

He is the chief person responsible for a zoological garden.